Rights and Citizens in the Philippines

Yan na yung Bill of Rights ninyo. Yan na lahat ng rights na covered ng Bill of Rights. So we have already covered all the rights under the Bill of Rights. Now, parang tapos na no? Kaya lang hindi pa. Kasi we still need to talk about your citizenship. Mam, bakit? Kasi citizenship is very important with regard to your human rights. Kasi take note, protecting your human rights would be easier if you now have a government. If you now belong to a specific state. if you are now a citizen of a specific state. It would be easier for us to protect your rights if that's the case. So, kailangan natin pag-usapan yung citizenship para malaman natin ano ba kasi or sino ba yung primary state na charged ng protection ng human rights mo. Kasi although all states have the responsibility to protect human rights, meron at meron pa rin state who would be very much willing to go after you kahit nasaan ka man just so to protect your human rights. So let's talk about your citizenship. Citizenship is your membership in a political community which is personal or more or less permanent in character. I repeat, citizenship is your membership in a political community which is personal and more or less permanent in character. Yan yung sinasabi natin na citizenship. Ibig sabihin, your status as a member of that state or your status as a member of that political society is what you call your citizenship. Ibig sabihin, if you are now a member of the state of the Philippines, you're a member of the political society of the Philippines, you are considered as a citizen of the Philippines. Yun ang sinasabi. Now, Because we are already talking about citizenship, pag-usapan natin. Who are considered as Filipino citizens? Sino ba ang considered na Philippine citizens under the law? You look at these four enumerations. So, pag pumasok kayo sa kahit ano sa apat na to, you are considered as a Filipino citizen. So, tignan natin ha. Who are Filipino citizens? Number one. Those who are Filipino citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution. I repeat, those who are Filipino citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution. You need to remember ng Philippines already had several constitutions. May 1935, may 1973 constitution tayo. Now, what's the rule? If you were already a Filipino citizen bago pa i-adopt ang 1987 Constitution, ano ang sabi? You would maintain said citizenship. I repeat, if you were already a Filipino citizen even before the adoption of the 1987 Constitution, ano ang sabi? You would maintain said Filipino citizenship. Meaning, if you were already a Filipino, Tapos nagkaroon tayo ng adoption ng 1987 Constitution. Are you still considered a Filipino citizen? Yes, you would maintain, you would retain said citizenship. Gets? Yun yung number 1. Go now to number 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are Filipino citizens. I repeat, those whose fathers or mothers are Filipino citizens. Yung number 2 ninyo would tell you na dapat you were born under the 1987 Constitution. So, ibig sabihin, if you were born under the 1987 Constitution, tapos any of your parents now is a Filipino citizen, anong sabi? You are also considered a Filipino citizen. Meaning, if both your parents are Filipino citizens, you are considered a Filipino citizen. In case your parents are under a mixed marriage, meaning, one of your parents would be a Filipino and the other would be a foreigner, that is a mixed marriage. In case of mixed marriages, regardless if the Filipino is the father or maybe the mother, as long as one of them is a Filipino, anong sabi you are still considered as a Filipino citizen. So under the 1987 Constitution ha, even if mixed marriage yan. Regardless kung father or mother ang Filipino, as long as one of them is a Filipino citizen, you are also considered a Filipino citizen. Ikaw na product, ikaw na anak is also considered a Filipino citizen. That is your number 2. Go now to number 3. Yung number 3 ninyo would be talking about those who were born under the 1935 Constitution. Ma'am, what do you mean? Ibig sabihin... They were born before January 17, 1973. There is no problem kasi with the 1973 Constitution. Why? Kasi nga, ang citizenship mo with regard to mixed marriages would be similar or would be the same to that of the 1987 Constitution. Ibig sabihin, sa 1973 Constitution just like the 1987 Constitution, regardless kung father or mother mo ang Filipino sa isang mixed marriage, you are still considered as a Filipino. Yun nga lang kasi, under the 1935 Constitution, you are only considered a Filipino citizen if, in a mixed marriage, it is the father who is the Filipino. In case yung mother ang Filipino, ano ang sabi? You are not considered a Filipino, you are considered a citizen of your father's state. Gets? So under the 1935 Constitution, ano ngayon ang citizenship ng bata? It would now be based dun sa citizenship ng father niya. Gets? Kaya nga if your father is a foreigner, even if your mother is a Filipino, under the 1935 Constitution, ano ang sabi? You follow the citizenship of your father. Ma'am, bakit ganun? E diba mas sigurado nga tayo kung Filipina yung nanay? Kasi diba at the end of the day, Alam natin na siya talaga yung nagluwal sa batang yan. Alam natin na siya talaga yung naging pregnant sa batang yan. So, supposedly, mas sigurado tayong Pinoy yan pag yung nanay ang Pinay. Yun ang concept, supposedly. Kaya lang kasi, under the 1935 Constitution, hindi sila ganun mag-isip. Kasi nga naman, if you are born under a mixed marriage, kanino bang apelido ang susundin mo? Father or mother? That of the father, diba? So, sa mixed marriage na yan, because you follow the surname of your father, malalaman mo ngayon kung foreigner or not yung apelido. Parang ganun yung concept niya. Gets? So, I repeat, under the 1935 Constitution, sa mixed marriages na yan, you always follow the citizenship of your father. Gets? Pero, take note, kahit ganyan ang nangyayari, there is still a possibility that the na you are considered as a Filipino, even if you were born under the 1935 Constitution. Even if you are born, okay, under a mixed marriage whereby your father is the foreigner. Anong sabi? Pwede pa rin maging Filipino ka. Ma'am, paano mangyayari yun? Take note. If you were born before January 17, 1973, meaning, If you were born under the 1935 Constitution of Filipino Mother, so pinay yung nanay mo, foreigner yung tatay mo, you can still be considered as a Filipino citizen if you would elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. I repeat. So if you were born before January 17, 1973, meaning you were born under the 1935 Constitution of Filipino Mother, you can still be considered as a Filipino citizen if you would elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Filipino mothers. And you elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Anong sabi? You are considered a Filipino citizen. Mom, what is your age of majority? That is your age of emancipation. That would be 18. Ngayon, di ba? The age of emancipation now, the age of majority now is 18. So, anong sinasabi? The moment you reach the age of majority, 18. You were born under the 1935 Constitution. You're under a mixed marriage. Your father is a foreigner. Your mother is a Filipino. Supposedly, ano ka? Foreigner ka. Supposedly, ano daw? You would follow the citizenship of your foreigner father. Supposedly. Pero, can you still become a Filipino citizen? Yes. Provided you elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Question. Is it necessary na the moment you reach the age of majority na agad-agad mag-eelect ka ngayon ng tinatawag natin na Filipino citizenship? Kailangan ba agad-agad mag-elect ka? Not necessarily. You are given 3 years from the time of the reaching of the age of majority to elect Filipino citizenship. Ibig sabihin, the moment you reach the age of majority, Bibigyan ka ng 3 years to elect Filipino citizenship. And of course, if you elect Filipino citizenship, what would happen now? You would be regarded as a Filipino citizen. So make sure ha, na within 3 years from the time you reach the age of majority, you need to elect Filipino citizenship. Yes, born under 1935 Constitution, mixed marriage yan, foreigner ang father, Filipino ang mother. Anong gagawin mo to become a Filipino citizen? You need to elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Hanggang kailan ka iyaalaw? You are allowed to elect Filipino citizenship within 3 years from the reaching of the age of majority. If you fail to do so, what would happen? you would continue to possess the citizenship of your foreigner father. Gets? Now, ma'am, paano ako mag-eelek ngayon ng tinatawag na Filipino citizenship? Take note. Number one, you need to issue a statement of election under oath. I repeat, paano ka daw mag-eelek ng Filipino citizenship? Number one, kailangang magkaroon ng statement of election under oath. Ibig sabihin, you need... 2. Make a statement under oath that you are electing Filipino citizenship. That's number 1. Statement of election under oath. Number 2. You need to take an oath of allegiance to the Constitution and the Government of the Philippines. I repeat, what is your number 2 requirement in order to elect Filipino citizenship? You need to take an oath of allegiance to the Constitution. and Government of the Philippines. So, number one, statement of election under oath. Number two, you need to take an oath of allegiance to the Constitution and Government of the Philippines. Question, is that complete? No. Meron pang pangatlo. Registration of the statement of election and the oath with the nearest civil registry. I repeat, number three. Registration of the statement of election and the oath with the civil registry. Gets? So, tatlo lang yan ha. Statement of election under oath, oath of allegiance to the Constitution and the Government of the Philippines, registration of the statement of election, and the oath with the nearest civil registry. So, naisipin nyo lang, you always do it under oath. So, statement of election, ibig sabihin, you make a statement that you are now electing Filipino citizenship. After that, you now take an oath of allegiance sa Constitution at sa government natin. Yung dalawang statements na yan, numbers 1 and 2, should be registered with the nearest civil registry. Gets? That is the proper way on how to elect Filipino citizenship. Now, there's a case very close to home. Mam, bakit? There was a law student. Imaginin mo, Nag-aral siya na ang tagal-tagal para maging lawyer. Kaya lang, ang problem natin in the Philippines, ang allowed lang na maging lawyer are Filipino citizens. Gets? Ang problem, itong law student na to, from a school na alam natin, somewhere here in Baguio, itong law student na to, siyempre, graduate na siya. Now, he wanted to take the bar examination. Now, what's the problem? He was born under the 1935 Constitution. Tapos ang problema sa kanya, he was not able to elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Yung papa niya pala was Chinese and the mother was a Filipina. So ang tatay is Chinese, ang mother is Filipina, born under the 1935 Constitution. Ano ang citizenship niya? He's a Chinese citizen. Why? Kasi mixed marriage siya under the 1935 Constitution. E diba, he needs to follow the citizenship of his father. Ang problem, he was not able to elect Filipino citizenship within 3 years from the time he reached the age of majority. So because of that, anong nangyari? He was not allowed. Kaya nga very frustrating kasi imaginein mo, After everything na pinagdaanan niya sa law school, hindi siya naging abogado. Why? Because accordingly, he was not a Filipino citizen. Ma'am, bakit? Kasi he was born under the 1935 Constitution, mixed marriage. Filipino ang mother pero foreigner ang father. So, anong sabi? He would follow the citizenship of his father. Pwede naman sana siya maging Filipino, yun nga lang, he did not elect Filipino citizenship. Within the time allotted by the law. Eh diba, hindi naman necessarily na upon reaching the age of majority na agad-agad, diba? We are still giving you three years to elect your Filipino citizenship. In his case, he failed to do so. So, what happened? He was not considered as a Filipino citizen. So, yun yung number three, na who are Filipino citizens. Sino yung pang-apat? Those naturalized in accordance with the law. I repeat, sino yung pang-apat? You now have those naturalized in accordance with the law. Ma'am, what do you mean by naturalized? Naturalization is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of a nation. I repeat, it is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of a nation by clothing him or her with the privileges of a citizen. For the last time, pag sinabi nating naturalization, it is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of a nation by clothing him or her with the privileges of a citizen. Anong tawag dyan? Naturalization. So if you are a foreigner and you are a naturalized Filipino citizen, you are still considered a Filipino citizen. Yes? Yun yung naturalization. We would better discuss the effects of naturalization pag ando na tayo sa topic ng naturalization. I just introduced its meaning para alam nyo kung bakit sila considered na Filipino citizens. So take note ha. Under your 1987 Constitution, meron tayong apat na considered as Filipino citizens. Number 1. Those who are Filipino citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution. Number 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are Filipino citizens. Number 3. Those born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino mothers who elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Number four, those naturalized in accordance with the law. Sino ang mga yan? Ito yung tinatawag natin na Filipino citizens. So ma'am, how do we acquire citizenship? Paano nyo na-acquire yung citizenship na pinag-uusapan natin? There are three modes of acquiring citizenship. That would be by birth, by naturalization, tapos by marriage. So, pag-usapan natin yung una, let's talk about by birth. There are two ways to acquire citizenship by reason of birth. You have there yusangginis, tapos yusoli. When you say yusangginis, it means by blood, tapos pag-yusoli, by place of birth. I repeat, pag-yusangginis, ano yan? By blood. Pag yusang sally, that would be by place of birth. By soil, kumbaga ba? Sally. So, by soil. So, by place of birth. Now, anong ibig sabihin ng yusang ginis? In your yusang ginis, the acquisition of citizenship is based on blood relation. I-repeat. In your yusang ginis, anong sabi natin? The acquisition of citizenship is based on blood relationship. Ibig sabihin. As long as any of your parents, parang sa Philippines ha, kasi Yusang Guinness tayo. If any of your parents would be a Filipino, ibig sabihin you're also a Filipino by reason of your blood relationship. So kahit isa lang sa kanila, basta merong Filipino sa isa sa parents mo, under Yusang Guinness, you're considered as a Filipino. Yan yung ina-adopt natin sa Philippines. On the other hand, Pag you solid naman yan, ano ang sabi? The acquisition of citizenship is based on your place of birth. I repeat, your acquisition of citizenship is based on your place of birth. Ibig sabihin, your place of birth would determine kung ano ang citizenship mo. For instance, US, di ba? Regardless kung sino ang parents mo. As long as you are born in the United States, you are regarded as an American citizen. Mam, bakit? Kasi US adopts what you call USOLI. Gets? Ang Philippines is USANGINIS, tapos ang US, USOLI. Ibig sabihin for us here in the Philippines, regardless kung saan ka pinanganak, basta one of your parents is a Filipino, you are regarded as a Filipino citizen. Doon naman sa US, sa USOLI, regardless kung ano ang citizenship ng parents mo. As long as you are born in the United States, you are considered as an American citizen. Yun yung you solid ninyo. Gets? Now, there are situations na nagiging dual citizen yung tao. Ang discussion ng dual citizenship, pag-uusapan natin better pag ando doon na tayo. Pero just to introduce the concept in relation to yung Sanguinis and yung Soli. Diba there are a lot of Filipinos? Na regarded as Filipinos kasi nga the parents are Filipinos pero they were born in the United States. Dito sa Philippines, yung Sanguinis tayo. So regardless kung saan sila pinanganak, dahil ang parents would be Filipinos, they are Filipino citizens. At the same time, dahil pinanganak sila sa US, which adopts you solely, anong sabi? Because they were born in the United States, regardless of the citizenship of their parents, they are considered as American citizens. In such case, anong mapapansin nyo? The person is at the same time a Filipino and an American citizen. Therefore, anong sabi? Dual citizenship meron ang taong to. Is it possible? Yes. Mam, bakit siya possible? Kasi you now have two conflicting laws. Or you now have two conflicting rules with regard to citizenship adopted by two different countries. Possible? Yes. Better discussion to be done later. So yun yung sinasabi natin na yung Sanguinis tapos yung Soli. Go now to number two. You now have binaturalization. Ito pinag-usapan na natin kanina, right? So, you acquire your citizenship, how? By naturalization. I already told you that naturalization is the legal act of adopting a foreigner or an alien and clothing him with the privilege of a native-born citizen. So, pinag-usapan na natin siya kanina. Adopting an alien and clothing him with the privilege of a native-born citizen. Ibig sabihin, you are a foreigner. Pero, We would now clothe you with the privileges of a native-born citizen. So we would now treat you as if you are a natural-born citizen of this country. As if, ha? As if you are a natural-born citizen of this country. Ganun yung naturalization. Very common yan, di ba, sa basketball? Makikita nyo, bakit merong foreigner na naglalaro? Pero sabi nila Filipino daw yun. Why? Naturalized. Gets? That is your naturalization. Go now to the third one you now have, by marriage. Ang isipin ninyo dito sa by marriage, a foreigner or a foreign woman, babae. A foreign woman who marries a Filipino husband. A foreign woman who marries a Filipino husband would now be regarded as what? Would now be regarded as a Filipino citizen. So, if you now have a foreign woman who marries a Filipino husband, ano ang sabi? Mako-consider siya na Filipino citizen. Provided, she possesses all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications for naturalization. Kasi ganito, for your naturalization, meron tayong requirements. Gets? Meron tayong qualifications, tapos may disqualifications. Saan mahanapan yan sa naturalization? Now, in case you now have a foreigner woman na magpapakasal sa isang Filipino citizen, what would happen? Itong foreigner na to, itong foreign woman na to, would now be considered a Filipino citizen. Okay? Para siyang nanaturalize. Dahil nagpakasal siya sa isang Filipino, provided wala siyang disqualification sa tinatawag na naturalization. At provided lahat ng qualifications for naturalization, tinoposes niya. Ma'am, ano ba kasi yung qualifications natin for naturalization? Medyo dadaanan natin yan mamaya. So, basta nga isipin nyo by marriage. If you now have a foreign woman marrying a Filipino citizen, that foreign woman now would be considered a Filipino citizen. Provided she possesses all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications for naturalization. Gets? Yun yung by marriage ninyo. Now, what are the three modes of acquiring citizenship? That's by birth, by naturalization, tapos by marriage. Sa by birth natin, Filipino, kay Philippine setting, anong pinag-uusapan lagi pag by birth? We are used sang Guinness. Gets? Ganun siya. Mom, what if, dun sa situation, it is a Filipino woman who'd be marrying a foreigner? Kasi diba, dun sa pinag-uusapan natin kanina, you now have a Filipino? who married a foreigner. So, a Filipino man who married a foreigner. Ganun yung situation kanina. Balik na rin natin. What if the situation now would call for one whereby you have a Filipino woman who marries a foreigner? So, Pinay na nagpakasal sa isang foreigner. Ano ngayon ang magiging citizenship ng Filipina na yan? How would you be able to answer that? Tignan nyo yung provision ng Section 4, Article 4. ng 1987 Constitution. I repeat, you look at the provisions of Section 4, Article 4 of the 1987 Constitution. Now, based on that, anong makikita nyo? Citizens of the Philippines who marry foreigners shall retain their citizenship unless by their act or omission they are deemed under the law to have renounced it. I repeat. citizens of the Philippines who marry foreigners, or yung tinatawag niyong aliens, shall retain their citizenship unless by their act or omission they are deemed under the law to have renounced it. For the last time, anong sabi? Citizens of the Philippines who marry foreigners shall retain their citizenship unless by their act or omission they are deemed under the law to have renounced it. Ibig sabihin, Itong mga Filipino woman na to, itong mga Pinay na to, even if they marry foreigners, they would continue to retain their Filipino citizenship. Provided they would not do anything to renounce said citizenship. Ibig sabihin, even if you get married to a foreigner, you're a Filipina and you get married to a foreigner, you would continue to be a Filipino citizen provided you do not do anything. to renounce your Filipino citizenship. So, Filipino citizen ka pa rin. Just make sure wala kang gagawin para ma-renounce mo yung Filipino citizenship na yan. Let's say, take for instance, nagpakasal ka sa foreigner. Filipino citizen ka pa rin, di ba? Kaya lang, what happened? When you went abroad, what did you do? You now allowed yourself to be naturalized. So, that act of naturalization is actually what? a form of renunciation of your Filipino citizenship. So, because of said naturalization, you have just renounced your Filipino citizenship, therefore, you are no longer a Filipino citizen. Gets? Without any act of renunciation, you would continue to be a Filipino citizen. Mag-stop lang yan, mawawala lang yan the moment you renounce it. Gets? So, that's the rule with regard to the citizenship of a Filipino woman who marries a foreigner. So, ganun lang siya. So, we're done with the modes of acquiring citizenship. Diba? Okay na tayo dyan. So, pag-usapan na natin yung modes of naturalization. You already know that one of the modes of acquiring citizenship is via naturalization. Ma'am, do we adopt that in the Philippines? Yes. Kasi aside from yung sangginis, We also adopt naturalization as a mode of acquiring Filipino citizenship. Now, there are three kinds of naturalization in the Philippine setting. Number one would be your administrative naturalization under RA 9139. I repeat, you have there what you call your administrative naturalization under RA 9139. Ma'am, bakit siya administrative naturalization? Kasi in here, You do not need any judicial proceeding to acquire Filipino citizenship. Ibig sabihin, the naturalization would not go through judicial proceedings. Administrative lang siya. Mam, bakit? Kasi under this law, yung petition mo for naturalization would not be filed with the court but rather, ipafile mo siya ngayon doon sa tinatawag natin na Special Committee on Naturalization. So, I repeat ha, you do not file your petition for naturalization sa court. But rather, ipafile mo siya dun sa tinatawag natin na Special Committee on Naturalization. Yung Special Committee on Naturalization would be under the Executive Branch. Hindi siya court. Gets? Under siya ng Executive Branch, kaya siya considered na Administrative Naturalization. Now, ang isipin nyo dito, This type of naturalization applies to aliens who were born in the Philippines and have been residing here. So yung administrative naturalization, saan siya nag-a-apply? It would now apply to those aliens who were born in the Philippines and have been residing here. Ibig sabihin, yes, they are foreigners. Okay? Hindi sila Filipino citizens. Foreigners sila. Pero itong mga foreigner na to, they were already born here in the Philippines and they have been residing here in the Philippines. So dito na sila pinanganak, dito na rin sila tumira. Now, ang problem natin, because the Philippines adopts to use sangginis, by blood tayo, diba? So, kahit na itong mga foreigner na to, dito na pinanganak, hindi pa rin sila Filipino citizen. In case they still want, or in case, gusto nilang maging Filipino citizen, ano ang remedy nila? Pwede silang gumamit ng administrative naturalization. Ma'am, bakit? They were born here and they were already residing here since they were born. So, anong sabi? they can go for administrative naturalization. That is under RA 9139. Gets? Aliens born in the Philippines and residing here in the Philippines, you go for administrative naturalization. What do you do? You now file a petition for naturalization, hindi sa court but rather sa tinatawag nating special committee on naturalization. Gets? So ganun siya. You now go to your number 2. Yung number 2 ninyo is your judicial naturalization which is covered by Commonwealth Act 473. I repeat, judicial naturalization covered siya ng ano? Commonwealth Act 473. Siyempre, because it is a judicial naturalization, the proceedings now would be had before your courts, right? Judicial siya eh. So there would be proceedings in your different courts. By the way, Itong judicial naturalization na to would cover all aliens regardless of class. Unlike dito sa RA 9139 na may requirement na born here and residing here yung foreigner, sa judicial naturalization, hindi kailangan na pinanganak dito. Gets? It can cover all aliens regardless of their class. Gets? That is your judicial naturalization. Tapos, yung pinakalas natin, you have there legislative naturalization. Pag sinabi niyong legislative naturalization, ibig sabihin, this would be under what? This would be under your Congress. So, yung naturalization na ito would be under Congress. Ma'am, paano nangyayari yung tinatawag niyo na legislative naturalization? So, regarded siya as the fastest route to Philippine citizenship. I repeat, regarded siya as what? The fastest route to Philippine citizenship. through to Philippine citizenship. Yung admin kasi at judicial naturalization, medyo mahaba-habang proceedings yan. Pag legislative naturalization, mas mabilis siya. Mam, bakit? Kasi under your legislative naturalization, ang kailangan lang dyan is for your Congress to file a bill. I repeat, ano lang kailangan dyan? Kailangan lang natin ngayon ng Congress to file a bill. For purposes of naturalization. So, magkakaroon tayo ng naturalization bill. Tapos yan ngayon ang gagamitin in case it would be signed into law. Kasi bill pa lang siya eh. The moment it is signed into law, yung tao na subject ng naturalization bill would now become, of course, a Filipino citizen. Ma, marami ba tayong mga ganyang cases dito sa Philippines? Definitely. Actually, sobrang dami. So, take for instance, meron tayo si Akiko Thompson. Okay, you have there Akiko Thompson, siya yung swimmer, he's an American, tapos noon, nag-isang naturalized Filipino. Somehow, through legislative naturalization. Sino pa? If you know yung, how do you call it, yung Sagilas Pilipinas, yung basketball player, you have there Marcos, oh, I forgot the name eh. Basta Marcos, blah, blah, I forgot the surname. Tapos yung isa, si Andre Blatch. Itong mga taong to, they were foreigners, pero they were granted Filipino citizenship through legislative action. Gets? So, nung mapapansin nyo, itong mga taong to, they are foreigners, pero they now become Filipino citizens by virtue of ALO. Okay? So, yung naturalization bill na pinas ng Congress, It now became a law. And by virtue of this law, these foreigners now became Filipino citizens. That is your legislative naturalization. Gets? So ganun lang siya. Modes of naturalization, admin, judicial, legislative naturalization. Yes, so ganun siya. Now, let's talk about dual citizenship and dual allegiance. Are they the same? Definitely do. Yung dual citizenship, allowed yan ng Constitution. Yung dual allegiance, prohibited siya ng Constitution. Mam, bakit? When you talk about dual citizenship, this would now arise as a result. of your concurrent application of the different laws of two or more states. I repeat, dual citizenship arises as a result of concurrent application of the different laws of two or more states. Gets? Ibig sabihin, nagkakaroon tayo ng dual citizenship kasi, kung i-apply natin yung law ng isang country at i-apply natin yung law natin dito, itong loss na to, would now provide for different rules. Gets? So anong nangyayari? Application of the law of this country and the application of the law of the other country would now be happening concurrently. They would be happening at the same time. And because of said, the concurrent application of said laws of different countries, itong tao ngayon, itong subject na involved, would now simultaneously be considered as a citizen of Both states. Parang yung sinabi ko sa inyo kanina, di ba? You now have a child. Kunyari, pangalanan natin siyang Maria. Maria, ang parents niya are both Filipinos. So, based on Philippine laws, Maria is considered as a Filipino citizen. Yun nga lang, itong si Maria was born in the United States. U.S. now adopts Yusoli. So, dahil pinanganak siya doon, ano siya? Maria now is considered as an American citizen, right? At the same time, Maria is also considered as a Filipino citizen. What would you notice? When we now try to apply the law of the United States and the law of the Philippines, if they would be applied simultaneously, Maria now would be simultaneously considered as both a Filipino citizen and an American citizen. Gets? Ang iisipin nyo, it is involuntary in nature. Itong taong involved, hindi niya ginusto na ganyan ang mangyari. Kaya lang, because of the situation, because of the attending circumstances, this person now is having, okay, two citizenships at the same time. So, simultaneous ngayon na considered siya as a citizen of two different countries. It is involuntary. Ang sabi ng Constitution, okay lang yan kasi wala ka namang fault dyan. Gets? Iba ang dual allegiance. When you say dual allegiance, ma'am, ano ba kasi yung allegiance? Always remember that allegiance is your obligation of fidelity and loyalty to your state or government. I repeat, allegiance is your obligation of fidelity and loyalty to your state or government. So, ibig sabihin, as a citizen, you need to be loyal to your state, you need to be loyal to your government. Nakabase yan sa social contract theory natin. Now, sa dual allegiance, what happens now? You have a situation where a person simultaneously owes by some positive act loyalty to two or more states. Sabi, maiintindihan ko pa kung ikaw na isang citizen Meron kang dalawang citizenships. Magigets ko pa yan kasi involuntary yan. Pero sabi, with regard to dual allegiance, ibang usapan yan. Why? Kasi your dual allegiance is a result of your volition. It is a result of that person's volition. What do you mean by volition? Ibig sabihin, you now used your power of will. Ibig sabihin, you did it consciously. You did it deliberately. Ibig sabihin, alam mo and you had full control. Ibig sabihin, you are totally aware of what is happening. You are totally aware of what you are doing. Yun ang sinasabi ng volisyon. Ang dual allegiance ninyo is a result of that individual's volisyon. So nung sabi, by reason of your positive act, dahil gan sa ginagawa mo, we can now see that you are now being loyal not only to one country but rather to two or more countries. Bawal yan. Kasi nga ang sabi, oo matatanggap ko na may dual citizenship ka. Pero the moment now na you perform acts, Showing now your allegiance not only to one country but rather to several countries, hindi na pwede yan. Kasi take note, you should only be loyal to one country. You should only owe your fidelity and obedience to a single country. Hindi pwedeng palikero ka. Hindi pwedeng parang nambababae ka. Dapat isa lang. Okay? Huwag kang palikero. So anong sabi? Dual allegiance is not allowed. In a situation na meron tayong dual allegiance, kailangan mawala yan, right? Diba? Kaya ang sabi, the person now, okay, alleged to have dual allegiance, should now elect kung ano ba talaga ang gusto niya. Ibig sabihin, in case this person has dual citizenship, kaya namromroblema siya dahil as if he's now having dual allegiance. Hindi siya sigurado kanino ba ako magiging loyal. Anong requirement? That person now should elect citizenship. Kailangan mamili siya, kailangan kalimutan niya ng isang citizenship niya to assure now that he would only owe allegiance to one country. Gets? So okay lang ang dual allegiance, magigets pa natin yan. It is involuntary. Pero pagdating dito sa dual allegiance, hindi na pwede kasi it is a result of that person's volition. Ibig sabihin, There was full control. There was total consciousness or awareness of his acts. So, nung sabi, isa lang. Mamili ka. So, as you now choose, you need to forego one of your citizenships. Gets? To assure now that you would owe allegiance only to one country. Gets? Kaya nga diba dun sa case ni Edwin Manzano, dual citizen kasi siya eh. He was born abroad. Of Filipino parents, right? So, dual citizenship. Anong sabi? Dual citizenship yun. Hindi yun dual allegiance kasi involuntary. Hindi naman niya ginusto na ipanganak siya abroad, right? So, anong sabi niya at the end of the day? In order now to lose. Okay? In order to lose itong doubts with regard to his dual allegiance. Para daw mawala yung doubts sa kanya with regard to the concept of dual allegiance daw. ang meron sa kanya, dahil citizen siya ng isang foreign country and at the same time ng Philippines, he now had to renounce his foreign citizenship by electing Filipino citizenship. Gets? So, ganun siya. That would be your dual citizenship and dual allegiance. Basta ang isipin niyo, dual citizenship, allowed pa yan. Dual allegiance, it is prohibited by the Constitution. Why? Because under dual allegiance, meron na tayong positive act. Ibig sabihin, the person now is performing acts that would now show his loyalty. Not only to one country, but rather to two or more states. Gets? Basang iisipin nyo, the moment na i-question yung allegiance ng taong yan, dahil nga may dual citizenship siya, this person now should do something. In order to negate said doubt. So anong gagawin niya? He needs to renounce his other citizenship and choose his Filipino citizenship. Yes? Kasi tuwing may dual citizenship, ang laging question dyan, baka may dual allegiance niyang taong yan. So the moment he question to, he needs to do something to prove now that he is only having his allegiance to the Philippine state or to the Philippine government. And he would do that via electing Filipino citizenship, thus renouncing his foreign citizenship. Of course, if you have modes of acquiring your citizenship, meron din tayong reasons kung bakit mawawala yan. So can you lose your citizenship? The answer is yes. And there are grounds for that. So what are the grounds for the loss of citizenship? Number one, you now have naturalization in a foreign country. So, in case you are naturalized in another country, what would happen? You would now lose your Filipino citizenship. Number two, you now have expatriation. Expatriation is your express renunciation of your Filipino citizenship. So, if expressly, i-re-renounce mo yung citizenship mo, anong tawag dyan? Expatriation. Yes? So, express renunciation of citizenship, that is expatriation. Now, You go to number 3, subscribing to an oath of allegiance to the constitution or laws of a foreign state up until 2021. Now, bago kasi natin na-amend yung law with regard to the age of emancipation dati, Ang age of emancipation is 21. Pero ngayon, it is already 18. Dati, it is 21. Kaya sabi, kung ikaw, nagtake ka ngayon ng oath of allegiance sa constitution or law ng isang foreign state, the moment you reach the age of 21, which was originally the age of emancipation, anong sabi? It would now cause you to lose your Filipino citizenship. Next, you now have rendering service or accepting commission in the armed forces of a foreign state. So, kung magre-render ka ngayon ng military service abroad, hindi dito sa Philippines but rather abroad, ano ang sabi? You now lose your Filipino citizenship. Next, you now have the cancellation of your certificate of naturalization. Ma'am, anong tawag sa cancellation of certificate of naturalization? you call that your denaturalization. Yes? So, I repeat, when you say cancellation of certificate of naturalization, ano yan? That is your denaturalization. So, ibig sabihin, you were already naturalized, kaya ka binigyan ng certificate of naturalization. In case, you would be doing something that would cause the cancellation of said certificate of naturalization. Anong tawag dyan? Denaturalization. What's the effect? you would now lose your citizenship. Next, you now go to having been declared by final judgment as a deserter of the armed forces of the Philippines in times of war. So try to imagine, may gera in which the Philippines is involved. It is a war time. Tapos what did you do? You now abandon the armed forces. So iniwan mo ngayon yung responsibility mo. Kunyari natakot ka, nagtago ka. Hindi ka na tumulong. You abandoned your post, you abandoned your responsibility in times of war. Anong sabi? This is a ground for you to lose your citizenship. Kung baga ba, para kang nag-awol. Yun nga lang, it happened in times of war. Yes, you were a deserter. Inabandon mo yung armed forces. Kailangan, kailangan ka, inabandon mo. Next. Anong sabi dun sa last one? In case of a Filipino woman, Upon her marriage to a foreigner, if by virtue of the laws enforced in her husband's country, she acquires his nationality. Anong sabi ko sa inyo kanina? If you now have a Filipino woman who would be marrying a foreigner, that Filipino woman would be retaining her citizenship as a Filipino. Unless, she would now be performing an act that would now, what? That would now renounce her citizenship. So, in case yung asawa niya, yung law ng asawa niya, di ba foreigner si husband? In case based on the law ni husband, itong Filipino woman na to, maa-acquire niya ngayon yung citizenship ng husband niya by this specific act provided by the laws of her husband. So, maa-acquire daw niya yung citizenship ng asawa niya pag ito yung pinreform niyang act. Ano ang sabi? This would now be a ground for her to lose her citizenship. Kasi sabi natin, di ba, you would retain your Filipino citizenship kahit na babae kang nagpakasal sa isang foreigner. Yun nga lang, huwag kang gagawa ng kahit anong act that would now renounce your Filipino citizenship. Yes? Kasi the moment you do it in accordance with the laws of your husband, what would happen? You would now lose your citizenship. Yes? So, ito ngayon yung tinatawag natin na grounds for your loss of citizenship. Gets? Mom, can you lose citizenship? Yes. Pinag-usapan natin kanina yung grounds. Kung bakit mawawala yung citizenship mo. In case you lose it, can you still reacquire it? Again, the answer is yes. Mom, how? There are three modes of reacquiring citizenship. Ano yung tatlong yan? Naturalization. Repatriation tapos Direct Act of Congress. I do believe there's no problem with your naturalization tapos Direct Act of Congress. Ang pag-usapan natin, repatriation. Anyway, yung number 1 and number 3 ninyo is similar dun sa pinag-usapan na natin kanina about acquiring citizenship. So ang hindi lang natin alam dyan is repatriation. Mom. What is repatriation? Definitely that would be the recovery of the original citizenship. I repeat, it is the recovery of the original citizenship. Ibig sabihin, nawala mo siya at gusto mo siyang bawiin. Nawala mo siya at gusto mo siyang ma-recover. Gets? Ganon yung tinatawag nating reacquiring citizenship through repatriation. You lost it and you want to recover your original citizenship. Now, ang repatriation ninyo can have a natural-born Filipino or a naturalized Filipino as subjects. Regardless if you are natural-born or naturalized, walang problema. You can be the subject of repatriation. Now, Siyempre, pag natural born ka, alam natin by birth yan, right? Yung isa, by naturalization siya. So, in case, you now have the repatriation of a natural born citizen. Ano ang sabi? What would happen upon repatriation? That natural born citizen will now be restored to his former status as a natural born Filipino. I repeat. Pag nagkaroon ng repatriation of a natural-born citizen, what would happen? That natural-born citizen will be restored to his former status as a natural-born Filipino. So, itong taong to, pag na-repatriate siya, dahil originally he was a natural-born citizen, i-re-restore mo lang siya sa status niya na natural-born citizen. He's not considered a naturalized Filipino. kung magkakandak ng repatriation. Kasi nga, in repatriation, what do you do? You only recover the original citizenship. So, because originally he was natural born, ire-recover lang natin yan, he's still considered a natural born upon the conduct of repatriation. So, natural born citizen, what would happen? He would be restored to his former status as a natural born Filipino. On the other hand, If the subject of repatriation is a naturalized Filipino, anong mangyayari? Upon repatriation, this person now would be restored to his prior status as a naturalized Filipino citizen. So naturalized Filipino, you now lost your naturalized Filipino citizenship. Na-repatriate ka, what would happen? Ire-restore ka nila sa pagiging naturalized Filipino citizen. Yes? So that would be your repatriation. Get so far? So, ganun lang siya. This would be the discussion on your citizenship. So, yun na. Nacover na natin yung required topics natin for your Bill of Rights. And we also tackled about your citizenship. By the way, para doon sa qualifications and disqualifications of naturalization, I will just upload it sa group natin and then you read it. Get? So, ganun lang siya. So, that's it.

Yan na yung Bill of Rights ninyo. Yan na lahat ng rights na covered ng Bill of Rights. So we have already covered all the rights under the Bill of Rights.

Now, parang tapos na no? Kaya lang hindi pa. Kasi we still need to talk about your citizenship.

Mam, bakit? Kasi citizenship is very important with regard to your human rights. Kasi take note, protecting your human rights would be easier if you now have a government.

If you now belong to a specific state. if you are now a citizen of a specific state. It would be easier for us to protect your rights if that's the case.

So, kailangan natin pag-usapan yung citizenship para malaman natin ano ba kasi or sino ba yung primary state na charged ng protection ng human rights mo. Kasi although all states have the responsibility to protect human rights, meron at meron pa rin state who would be very much willing to go after you kahit nasaan ka man just so to protect your human rights. So let's talk about your citizenship. Citizenship is your membership in a political community which is personal or more or less permanent in character.

I repeat, citizenship is your membership in a political community which is personal and more or less permanent in character. Yan yung sinasabi natin na citizenship. Ibig sabihin, your status as a member of that state or your status as a member of that political society is what you call your citizenship.

Ibig sabihin, if you are now a member of the state of the Philippines, you're a member of the political society of the Philippines, you are considered as a citizen of the Philippines. Yun ang sinasabi. Now, Because we are already talking about citizenship, pag-usapan natin.

Who are considered as Filipino citizens? Sino ba ang considered na Philippine citizens under the law? You look at these four enumerations.

So, pag pumasok kayo sa kahit ano sa apat na to, you are considered as a Filipino citizen. So, tignan natin ha. Who are Filipino citizens?

Number one. Those who are Filipino citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution. I repeat, those who are Filipino citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution. You need to remember ng Philippines already had several constitutions.

May 1935, may 1973 constitution tayo. Now, what's the rule? If you were already a Filipino citizen bago pa i-adopt ang 1987 Constitution, ano ang sabi? You would maintain said citizenship.

I repeat, if you were already a Filipino citizen even before the adoption of the 1987 Constitution, ano ang sabi? You would maintain said Filipino citizenship. Meaning, if you were already a Filipino, Tapos nagkaroon tayo ng adoption ng 1987 Constitution. Are you still considered a Filipino citizen?

Yes, you would maintain, you would retain said citizenship. Gets? Yun yung number 1. Go now to number 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are Filipino citizens. I repeat, those whose fathers or mothers are Filipino citizens. Yung number 2 ninyo would tell you na dapat you were born under the 1987 Constitution.

So, ibig sabihin, if you were born under the 1987 Constitution, tapos any of your parents now is a Filipino citizen, anong sabi? You are also considered a Filipino citizen. Meaning, if both your parents are Filipino citizens, you are considered a Filipino citizen.

In case your parents are under a mixed marriage, meaning, one of your parents would be a Filipino and the other would be a foreigner, that is a mixed marriage. In case of mixed marriages, regardless if the Filipino is the father or maybe the mother, as long as one of them is a Filipino, anong sabi you are still considered as a Filipino citizen. So under the 1987 Constitution ha, even if mixed marriage yan. Regardless kung father or mother ang Filipino, as long as one of them is a Filipino citizen, you are also considered a Filipino citizen. Ikaw na product, ikaw na anak is also considered a Filipino citizen.

That is your number 2. Go now to number 3. Yung number 3 ninyo would be talking about those who were born under the 1935 Constitution. Ma'am, what do you mean? Ibig sabihin...

They were born before January 17, 1973. There is no problem kasi with the 1973 Constitution. Why? Kasi nga, ang citizenship mo with regard to mixed marriages would be similar or would be the same to that of the 1987 Constitution. Ibig sabihin, sa 1973 Constitution just like the 1987 Constitution, regardless kung father or mother mo ang Filipino sa isang mixed marriage, you are still considered as a Filipino.

Yun nga lang kasi, under the 1935 Constitution, you are only considered a Filipino citizen if, in a mixed marriage, it is the father who is the Filipino. In case yung mother ang Filipino, ano ang sabi? You are not considered a Filipino, you are considered a citizen of your father's state.

Gets? So under the 1935 Constitution, ano ngayon ang citizenship ng bata? It would now be based dun sa citizenship ng father niya. Gets? Kaya nga if your father is a foreigner, even if your mother is a Filipino, under the 1935 Constitution, ano ang sabi?

You follow the citizenship of your father. Ma'am, bakit ganun? E diba mas sigurado nga tayo kung Filipina yung nanay? Kasi diba at the end of the day, Alam natin na siya talaga yung nagluwal sa batang yan.

Alam natin na siya talaga yung naging pregnant sa batang yan. So, supposedly, mas sigurado tayong Pinoy yan pag yung nanay ang Pinay. Yun ang concept, supposedly.

Kaya lang kasi, under the 1935 Constitution, hindi sila ganun mag-isip. Kasi nga naman, if you are born under a mixed marriage, kanino bang apelido ang susundin mo? Father or mother? That of the father, diba? So, sa mixed marriage na yan, because you follow the surname of your father, malalaman mo ngayon kung foreigner or not yung apelido.

Parang ganun yung concept niya. Gets? So, I repeat, under the 1935 Constitution, sa mixed marriages na yan, you always follow the citizenship of your father. Gets?

Pero, take note, kahit ganyan ang nangyayari, there is still a possibility that the na you are considered as a Filipino, even if you were born under the 1935 Constitution. Even if you are born, okay, under a mixed marriage whereby your father is the foreigner. Anong sabi?

Pwede pa rin maging Filipino ka. Ma'am, paano mangyayari yun? Take note.

If you were born before January 17, 1973, meaning, If you were born under the 1935 Constitution of Filipino Mother, so pinay yung nanay mo, foreigner yung tatay mo, you can still be considered as a Filipino citizen if you would elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. I repeat. So if you were born before January 17, 1973, meaning you were born under the 1935 Constitution of Filipino Mother, you can still be considered as a Filipino citizen if you would elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Filipino mothers.

And you elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Anong sabi? You are considered a Filipino citizen.

Mom, what is your age of majority? That is your age of emancipation. That would be 18. Ngayon, di ba?

The age of emancipation now, the age of majority now is 18. So, anong sinasabi? The moment you reach the age of majority, 18. You were born under the 1935 Constitution. You're under a mixed marriage. Your father is a foreigner. Your mother is a Filipino.

Supposedly, ano ka? Foreigner ka. Supposedly, ano daw? You would follow the citizenship of your foreigner father.

Supposedly. Pero, can you still become a Filipino citizen? Yes. Provided you elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority.

Question. Is it necessary na the moment you reach the age of majority na agad-agad mag-eelect ka ngayon ng tinatawag natin na Filipino citizenship? Kailangan ba agad-agad mag-elect ka?

Not necessarily. You are given 3 years from the time of the reaching of the age of majority to elect Filipino citizenship. Ibig sabihin, the moment you reach the age of majority, Bibigyan ka ng 3 years to elect Filipino citizenship. And of course, if you elect Filipino citizenship, what would happen now?

You would be regarded as a Filipino citizen. So make sure ha, na within 3 years from the time you reach the age of majority, you need to elect Filipino citizenship. Yes, born under 1935 Constitution, mixed marriage yan, foreigner ang father, Filipino ang mother. Anong gagawin mo to become a Filipino citizen? You need to elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority.

Hanggang kailan ka iyaalaw? You are allowed to elect Filipino citizenship within 3 years from the reaching of the age of majority. If you fail to do so, what would happen?

you would continue to possess the citizenship of your foreigner father. Gets? Now, ma'am, paano ako mag-eelek ngayon ng tinatawag na Filipino citizenship?

Take note. Number one, you need to issue a statement of election under oath. I repeat, paano ka daw mag-eelek ng Filipino citizenship? Number one, kailangang magkaroon ng statement of election under oath.

Ibig sabihin, you need... 2. Make a statement under oath that you are electing Filipino citizenship. That's number 1. Statement of election under oath. Number 2. You need to take an oath of allegiance to the Constitution and the Government of the Philippines.

I repeat, what is your number 2 requirement in order to elect Filipino citizenship? You need to take an oath of allegiance to the Constitution. and Government of the Philippines.

So, number one, statement of election under oath. Number two, you need to take an oath of allegiance to the Constitution and Government of the Philippines. Question, is that complete?

No. Meron pang pangatlo. Registration of the statement of election and the oath with the nearest civil registry. I repeat, number three.

Registration of the statement of election and the oath with the civil registry. Gets? So, tatlo lang yan ha.

Statement of election under oath, oath of allegiance to the Constitution and the Government of the Philippines, registration of the statement of election, and the oath with the nearest civil registry. So, naisipin nyo lang, you always do it under oath. So, statement of election, ibig sabihin, you make a statement that you are now electing Filipino citizenship.

After that, you now take an oath of allegiance sa Constitution at sa government natin. Yung dalawang statements na yan, numbers 1 and 2, should be registered with the nearest civil registry. Gets?

That is the proper way on how to elect Filipino citizenship. Now, there's a case very close to home. Mam, bakit?

There was a law student. Imaginin mo, Nag-aral siya na ang tagal-tagal para maging lawyer. Kaya lang, ang problem natin in the Philippines, ang allowed lang na maging lawyer are Filipino citizens. Gets?

Ang problem, itong law student na to, from a school na alam natin, somewhere here in Baguio, itong law student na to, siyempre, graduate na siya. Now, he wanted to take the bar examination. Now, what's the problem? He was born under the 1935 Constitution.

Tapos ang problema sa kanya, he was not able to elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Yung papa niya pala was Chinese and the mother was a Filipina. So ang tatay is Chinese, ang mother is Filipina, born under the 1935 Constitution.

Ano ang citizenship niya? He's a Chinese citizen. Why? Kasi mixed marriage siya under the 1935 Constitution. E diba, he needs to follow the citizenship of his father.

Ang problem, he was not able to elect Filipino citizenship within 3 years from the time he reached the age of majority. So because of that, anong nangyari? He was not allowed. Kaya nga very frustrating kasi imaginein mo, After everything na pinagdaanan niya sa law school, hindi siya naging abogado. Why?

Because accordingly, he was not a Filipino citizen. Ma'am, bakit? Kasi he was born under the 1935 Constitution, mixed marriage. Filipino ang mother pero foreigner ang father. So, anong sabi?

He would follow the citizenship of his father. Pwede naman sana siya maging Filipino, yun nga lang, he did not elect Filipino citizenship. Within the time allotted by the law.

Eh diba, hindi naman necessarily na upon reaching the age of majority na agad-agad, diba? We are still giving you three years to elect your Filipino citizenship. In his case, he failed to do so. So, what happened? He was not considered as a Filipino citizen.

So, yun yung number three, na who are Filipino citizens. Sino yung pang-apat? Those naturalized in accordance with the law.

I repeat, sino yung pang-apat? You now have those naturalized in accordance with the law. Ma'am, what do you mean by naturalized? Naturalization is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of a nation. I repeat, it is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of a nation by clothing him or her with the privileges of a citizen.

For the last time, pag sinabi nating naturalization, it is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of a nation by clothing him or her with the privileges of a citizen. Anong tawag dyan? Naturalization. So if you are a foreigner and you are a naturalized Filipino citizen, you are still considered a Filipino citizen.

Yes? Yun yung naturalization. We would better discuss the effects of naturalization pag ando na tayo sa topic ng naturalization. I just introduced its meaning para alam nyo kung bakit sila considered na Filipino citizens.

So take note ha. Under your 1987 Constitution, meron tayong apat na considered as Filipino citizens. Number 1. Those who are Filipino citizens at the time of the adoption of the 1987 Constitution.

Number 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are Filipino citizens. Number 3. Those born before January 17, 1973 of Filipino mothers who elect Filipino citizenship upon reaching the age of majority. Number four, those naturalized in accordance with the law.

Sino ang mga yan? Ito yung tinatawag natin na Filipino citizens. So ma'am, how do we acquire citizenship? Paano nyo na-acquire yung citizenship na pinag-uusapan natin? There are three modes of acquiring citizenship.

That would be by birth, by naturalization, tapos by marriage. So, pag-usapan natin yung una, let's talk about by birth. There are two ways to acquire citizenship by reason of birth.

You have there yusangginis, tapos yusoli. When you say yusangginis, it means by blood, tapos pag-yusoli, by place of birth. I repeat, pag-yusangginis, ano yan?

By blood. Pag yusang sally, that would be by place of birth. By soil, kumbaga ba?

Sally. So, by soil. So, by place of birth.

Now, anong ibig sabihin ng yusang ginis? In your yusang ginis, the acquisition of citizenship is based on blood relation. I-repeat.

In your yusang ginis, anong sabi natin? The acquisition of citizenship is based on blood relationship. Ibig sabihin.

As long as any of your parents, parang sa Philippines ha, kasi Yusang Guinness tayo. If any of your parents would be a Filipino, ibig sabihin you're also a Filipino by reason of your blood relationship. So kahit isa lang sa kanila, basta merong Filipino sa isa sa parents mo, under Yusang Guinness, you're considered as a Filipino. Yan yung ina-adopt natin sa Philippines.

On the other hand, Pag you solid naman yan, ano ang sabi? The acquisition of citizenship is based on your place of birth. I repeat, your acquisition of citizenship is based on your place of birth. Ibig sabihin, your place of birth would determine kung ano ang citizenship mo.

For instance, US, di ba? Regardless kung sino ang parents mo. As long as you are born in the United States, you are regarded as an American citizen.

Mam, bakit? Kasi US adopts what you call USOLI. Gets?

Ang Philippines is USANGINIS, tapos ang US, USOLI. Ibig sabihin for us here in the Philippines, regardless kung saan ka pinanganak, basta one of your parents is a Filipino, you are regarded as a Filipino citizen. Doon naman sa US, sa USOLI, regardless kung ano ang citizenship ng parents mo. As long as you are born in the United States, you are considered as an American citizen. Yun yung you solid ninyo.

Gets? Now, there are situations na nagiging dual citizen yung tao. Ang discussion ng dual citizenship, pag-uusapan natin better pag ando doon na tayo.

Pero just to introduce the concept in relation to yung Sanguinis and yung Soli. Diba there are a lot of Filipinos? Na regarded as Filipinos kasi nga the parents are Filipinos pero they were born in the United States. Dito sa Philippines, yung Sanguinis tayo. So regardless kung saan sila pinanganak, dahil ang parents would be Filipinos, they are Filipino citizens.

At the same time, dahil pinanganak sila sa US, which adopts you solely, anong sabi? Because they were born in the United States, regardless of the citizenship of their parents, they are considered as American citizens. In such case, anong mapapansin nyo?

The person is at the same time a Filipino and an American citizen. Therefore, anong sabi? Dual citizenship meron ang taong to. Is it possible? Yes.

Mam, bakit siya possible? Kasi you now have two conflicting laws. Or you now have two conflicting rules with regard to citizenship adopted by two different countries. Possible?

Yes. Better discussion to be done later. So yun yung sinasabi natin na yung Sanguinis tapos yung Soli. Go now to number two.

You now have binaturalization. Ito pinag-usapan na natin kanina, right? So, you acquire your citizenship, how?

By naturalization. I already told you that naturalization is the legal act of adopting a foreigner or an alien and clothing him with the privilege of a native-born citizen. So, pinag-usapan na natin siya kanina. Adopting an alien and clothing him with the privilege of a native-born citizen. Ibig sabihin, you are a foreigner.

Pero, We would now clothe you with the privileges of a native-born citizen. So we would now treat you as if you are a natural-born citizen of this country. As if, ha?

As if you are a natural-born citizen of this country. Ganun yung naturalization. Very common yan, di ba, sa basketball?

Makikita nyo, bakit merong foreigner na naglalaro? Pero sabi nila Filipino daw yun. Why?

Naturalized. Gets? That is your naturalization. Go now to the third one you now have, by marriage. Ang isipin ninyo dito sa by marriage, a foreigner or a foreign woman, babae.

A foreign woman who marries a Filipino husband. A foreign woman who marries a Filipino husband would now be regarded as what? Would now be regarded as a Filipino citizen.

So, if you now have a foreign woman who marries a Filipino husband, ano ang sabi? Mako-consider siya na Filipino citizen. Provided, she possesses all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications for naturalization. Kasi ganito, for your naturalization, meron tayong requirements. Gets?

Meron tayong qualifications, tapos may disqualifications. Saan mahanapan yan sa naturalization? Now, in case you now have a foreigner woman na magpapakasal sa isang Filipino citizen, what would happen?

Itong foreigner na to, itong foreign woman na to, would now be considered a Filipino citizen. Okay? Para siyang nanaturalize.

Dahil nagpakasal siya sa isang Filipino, provided wala siyang disqualification sa tinatawag na naturalization. At provided lahat ng qualifications for naturalization, tinoposes niya. Ma'am, ano ba kasi yung qualifications natin for naturalization? Medyo dadaanan natin yan mamaya.

So, basta nga isipin nyo by marriage. If you now have a foreign woman marrying a Filipino citizen, that foreign woman now would be considered a Filipino citizen. Provided she possesses all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications for naturalization.

Gets? Yun yung by marriage ninyo. Now, what are the three modes of acquiring citizenship? That's by birth, by naturalization, tapos by marriage.

Sa by birth natin, Filipino, kay Philippine setting, anong pinag-uusapan lagi pag by birth? We are used sang Guinness. Gets? Ganun siya.

Mom, what if, dun sa situation, it is a Filipino woman who'd be marrying a foreigner? Kasi diba, dun sa pinag-uusapan natin kanina, you now have a Filipino? who married a foreigner.

So, a Filipino man who married a foreigner. Ganun yung situation kanina. Balik na rin natin. What if the situation now would call for one whereby you have a Filipino woman who marries a foreigner? So, Pinay na nagpakasal sa isang foreigner.

Ano ngayon ang magiging citizenship ng Filipina na yan? How would you be able to answer that? Tignan nyo yung provision ng Section 4, Article 4. ng 1987 Constitution.

I repeat, you look at the provisions of Section 4, Article 4 of the 1987 Constitution. Now, based on that, anong makikita nyo? Citizens of the Philippines who marry foreigners shall retain their citizenship unless by their act or omission they are deemed under the law to have renounced it. I repeat.

citizens of the Philippines who marry foreigners, or yung tinatawag niyong aliens, shall retain their citizenship unless by their act or omission they are deemed under the law to have renounced it. For the last time, anong sabi? Citizens of the Philippines who marry foreigners shall retain their citizenship unless by their act or omission they are deemed under the law to have renounced it. Ibig sabihin, Itong mga Filipino woman na to, itong mga Pinay na to, even if they marry foreigners, they would continue to retain their Filipino citizenship.

Provided they would not do anything to renounce said citizenship. Ibig sabihin, even if you get married to a foreigner, you're a Filipina and you get married to a foreigner, you would continue to be a Filipino citizen provided you do not do anything. to renounce your Filipino citizenship.

So, Filipino citizen ka pa rin. Just make sure wala kang gagawin para ma-renounce mo yung Filipino citizenship na yan. Let's say, take for instance, nagpakasal ka sa foreigner. Filipino citizen ka pa rin, di ba?

Kaya lang, what happened? When you went abroad, what did you do? You now allowed yourself to be naturalized.

So, that act of naturalization is actually what? a form of renunciation of your Filipino citizenship. So, because of said naturalization, you have just renounced your Filipino citizenship, therefore, you are no longer a Filipino citizen. Gets?

Without any act of renunciation, you would continue to be a Filipino citizen. Mag-stop lang yan, mawawala lang yan the moment you renounce it. Gets? So, that's the rule with regard to the citizenship of a Filipino woman who marries a foreigner. So, ganun lang siya.

So, we're done with the modes of acquiring citizenship. Diba? Okay na tayo dyan. So, pag-usapan na natin yung modes of naturalization.

You already know that one of the modes of acquiring citizenship is via naturalization. Ma'am, do we adopt that in the Philippines? Yes.

Kasi aside from yung sangginis, We also adopt naturalization as a mode of acquiring Filipino citizenship. Now, there are three kinds of naturalization in the Philippine setting. Number one would be your administrative naturalization under RA 9139. I repeat, you have there what you call your administrative naturalization under RA 9139. Ma'am, bakit siya administrative naturalization?

Kasi in here, You do not need any judicial proceeding to acquire Filipino citizenship. Ibig sabihin, the naturalization would not go through judicial proceedings. Administrative lang siya.

Mam, bakit? Kasi under this law, yung petition mo for naturalization would not be filed with the court but rather, ipafile mo siya ngayon doon sa tinatawag natin na Special Committee on Naturalization. So, I repeat ha, you do not file your petition for naturalization sa court.

But rather, ipafile mo siya dun sa tinatawag natin na Special Committee on Naturalization. Yung Special Committee on Naturalization would be under the Executive Branch. Hindi siya court. Gets?

Under siya ng Executive Branch, kaya siya considered na Administrative Naturalization. Now, ang isipin nyo dito, This type of naturalization applies to aliens who were born in the Philippines and have been residing here. So yung administrative naturalization, saan siya nag-a-apply? It would now apply to those aliens who were born in the Philippines and have been residing here. Ibig sabihin, yes, they are foreigners.

Okay? Hindi sila Filipino citizens. Foreigners sila. Pero itong mga foreigner na to, they were already born here in the Philippines and they have been residing here in the Philippines.

So dito na sila pinanganak, dito na rin sila tumira. Now, ang problem natin, because the Philippines adopts to use sangginis, by blood tayo, diba? So, kahit na itong mga foreigner na to, dito na pinanganak, hindi pa rin sila Filipino citizen. In case they still want, or in case, gusto nilang maging Filipino citizen, ano ang remedy nila?

Pwede silang gumamit ng administrative naturalization. Ma'am, bakit? They were born here and they were already residing here since they were born. So, anong sabi?

they can go for administrative naturalization. That is under RA 9139. Gets? Aliens born in the Philippines and residing here in the Philippines, you go for administrative naturalization. What do you do? You now file a petition for naturalization, hindi sa court but rather sa tinatawag nating special committee on naturalization.

Gets? So ganun siya. You now go to your number 2. Yung number 2 ninyo is your judicial naturalization which is covered by Commonwealth Act 473. I repeat, judicial naturalization covered siya ng ano? Commonwealth Act 473. Siyempre, because it is a judicial naturalization, the proceedings now would be had before your courts, right?

Judicial siya eh. So there would be proceedings in your different courts. By the way, Itong judicial naturalization na to would cover all aliens regardless of class. Unlike dito sa RA 9139 na may requirement na born here and residing here yung foreigner, sa judicial naturalization, hindi kailangan na pinanganak dito. Gets?

It can cover all aliens regardless of their class. Gets? That is your judicial naturalization. Tapos, yung pinakalas natin, you have there legislative naturalization. Pag sinabi niyong legislative naturalization, ibig sabihin, this would be under what?

This would be under your Congress. So, yung naturalization na ito would be under Congress. Ma'am, paano nangyayari yung tinatawag niyo na legislative naturalization?

So, regarded siya as the fastest route to Philippine citizenship. I repeat, regarded siya as what? The fastest route to Philippine citizenship. through to Philippine citizenship.

Yung admin kasi at judicial naturalization, medyo mahaba-habang proceedings yan. Pag legislative naturalization, mas mabilis siya. Mam, bakit?

Kasi under your legislative naturalization, ang kailangan lang dyan is for your Congress to file a bill. I repeat, ano lang kailangan dyan? Kailangan lang natin ngayon ng Congress to file a bill.

For purposes of naturalization. So, magkakaroon tayo ng naturalization bill. Tapos yan ngayon ang gagamitin in case it would be signed into law. Kasi bill pa lang siya eh.

The moment it is signed into law, yung tao na subject ng naturalization bill would now become, of course, a Filipino citizen. Ma, marami ba tayong mga ganyang cases dito sa Philippines? Definitely. Actually, sobrang dami. So, take for instance, meron tayo si Akiko Thompson.

Okay, you have there Akiko Thompson, siya yung swimmer, he's an American, tapos noon, nag-isang naturalized Filipino. Somehow, through legislative naturalization. Sino pa?

If you know yung, how do you call it, yung Sagilas Pilipinas, yung basketball player, you have there Marcos, oh, I forgot the name eh. Basta Marcos, blah, blah, I forgot the surname. Tapos yung isa, si Andre Blatch. Itong mga taong to, they were foreigners, pero they were granted Filipino citizenship through legislative action.

Gets? So, nung mapapansin nyo, itong mga taong to, they are foreigners, pero they now become Filipino citizens by virtue of ALO. Okay?

So, yung naturalization bill na pinas ng Congress, It now became a law. And by virtue of this law, these foreigners now became Filipino citizens. That is your legislative naturalization.

Gets? So ganun lang siya. Modes of naturalization, admin, judicial, legislative naturalization.

Yes, so ganun siya. Now, let's talk about dual citizenship and dual allegiance. Are they the same?

Definitely do. Yung dual citizenship, allowed yan ng Constitution. Yung dual allegiance, prohibited siya ng Constitution.

Mam, bakit? When you talk about dual citizenship, this would now arise as a result. of your concurrent application of the different laws of two or more states. I repeat, dual citizenship arises as a result of concurrent application of the different laws of two or more states. Gets?

Ibig sabihin, nagkakaroon tayo ng dual citizenship kasi, kung i-apply natin yung law ng isang country at i-apply natin yung law natin dito, itong loss na to, would now provide for different rules. Gets? So anong nangyayari? Application of the law of this country and the application of the law of the other country would now be happening concurrently.

They would be happening at the same time. And because of said, the concurrent application of said laws of different countries, itong tao ngayon, itong subject na involved, would now simultaneously be considered as a citizen of Both states. Parang yung sinabi ko sa inyo kanina, di ba?

You now have a child. Kunyari, pangalanan natin siyang Maria. Maria, ang parents niya are both Filipinos. So, based on Philippine laws, Maria is considered as a Filipino citizen. Yun nga lang, itong si Maria was born in the United States.

U.S. now adopts Yusoli. So, dahil pinanganak siya doon, ano siya? Maria now is considered as an American citizen, right?

At the same time, Maria is also considered as a Filipino citizen. What would you notice? When we now try to apply the law of the United States and the law of the Philippines, if they would be applied simultaneously, Maria now would be simultaneously considered as both a Filipino citizen and an American citizen. Gets? Ang iisipin nyo, it is involuntary in nature.

Itong taong involved, hindi niya ginusto na ganyan ang mangyari. Kaya lang, because of the situation, because of the attending circumstances, this person now is having, okay, two citizenships at the same time. So, simultaneous ngayon na considered siya as a citizen of two different countries. It is involuntary.

Ang sabi ng Constitution, okay lang yan kasi wala ka namang fault dyan. Gets? Iba ang dual allegiance. When you say dual allegiance, ma'am, ano ba kasi yung allegiance?

Always remember that allegiance is your obligation of fidelity and loyalty to your state or government. I repeat, allegiance is your obligation of fidelity and loyalty to your state or government. So, ibig sabihin, as a citizen, you need to be loyal to your state, you need to be loyal to your government. Nakabase yan sa social contract theory natin. Now, sa dual allegiance, what happens now?

You have a situation where a person simultaneously owes by some positive act loyalty to two or more states. Sabi, maiintindihan ko pa kung ikaw na isang citizen Meron kang dalawang citizenships. Magigets ko pa yan kasi involuntary yan.

Pero sabi, with regard to dual allegiance, ibang usapan yan. Why? Kasi your dual allegiance is a result of your volition. It is a result of that person's volition. What do you mean by volition?

Ibig sabihin, you now used your power of will. Ibig sabihin, you did it consciously. You did it deliberately.

Ibig sabihin, alam mo and you had full control. Ibig sabihin, you are totally aware of what is happening. You are totally aware of what you are doing.

Yun ang sinasabi ng volisyon. Ang dual allegiance ninyo is a result of that individual's volisyon. So nung sabi, by reason of your positive act, dahil gan sa ginagawa mo, we can now see that you are now being loyal not only to one country but rather to two or more countries.

Bawal yan. Kasi nga ang sabi, oo matatanggap ko na may dual citizenship ka. Pero the moment now na you perform acts, Showing now your allegiance not only to one country but rather to several countries, hindi na pwede yan.

Kasi take note, you should only be loyal to one country. You should only owe your fidelity and obedience to a single country. Hindi pwedeng palikero ka.

Hindi pwedeng parang nambababae ka. Dapat isa lang. Okay?

Huwag kang palikero. So anong sabi? Dual allegiance is not allowed.

In a situation na meron tayong dual allegiance, kailangan mawala yan, right? Diba? Kaya ang sabi, the person now, okay, alleged to have dual allegiance, should now elect kung ano ba talaga ang gusto niya.

Ibig sabihin, in case this person has dual citizenship, kaya namromroblema siya dahil as if he's now having dual allegiance. Hindi siya sigurado kanino ba ako magiging loyal. Anong requirement?

That person now should elect citizenship. Kailangan mamili siya, kailangan kalimutan niya ng isang citizenship niya to assure now that he would only owe allegiance to one country. Gets? So okay lang ang dual allegiance, magigets pa natin yan. It is involuntary.

Pero pagdating dito sa dual allegiance, hindi na pwede kasi it is a result of that person's volition. Ibig sabihin, There was full control. There was total consciousness or awareness of his acts.

So, nung sabi, isa lang. Mamili ka. So, as you now choose, you need to forego one of your citizenships. Gets?

To assure now that you would owe allegiance only to one country. Gets? Kaya nga diba dun sa case ni Edwin Manzano, dual citizen kasi siya eh.

He was born abroad. Of Filipino parents, right? So, dual citizenship.

Anong sabi? Dual citizenship yun. Hindi yun dual allegiance kasi involuntary.

Hindi naman niya ginusto na ipanganak siya abroad, right? So, anong sabi niya at the end of the day? In order now to lose.

Okay? In order to lose itong doubts with regard to his dual allegiance. Para daw mawala yung doubts sa kanya with regard to the concept of dual allegiance daw. ang meron sa kanya, dahil citizen siya ng isang foreign country and at the same time ng Philippines, he now had to renounce his foreign citizenship by electing Filipino citizenship. Gets?

So, ganun siya. That would be your dual citizenship and dual allegiance. Basta ang isipin niyo, dual citizenship, allowed pa yan. Dual allegiance, it is prohibited by the Constitution. Why?

Because under dual allegiance, meron na tayong positive act. Ibig sabihin, the person now is performing acts that would now show his loyalty. Not only to one country, but rather to two or more states. Gets? Basang iisipin nyo, the moment na i-question yung allegiance ng taong yan, dahil nga may dual citizenship siya, this person now should do something.

In order to negate said doubt. So anong gagawin niya? He needs to renounce his other citizenship and choose his Filipino citizenship. Yes?

Kasi tuwing may dual citizenship, ang laging question dyan, baka may dual allegiance niyang taong yan. So the moment he question to, he needs to do something to prove now that he is only having his allegiance to the Philippine state or to the Philippine government. And he would do that via electing Filipino citizenship, thus renouncing his foreign citizenship. Of course, if you have modes of acquiring your citizenship, meron din tayong reasons kung bakit mawawala yan. So can you lose your citizenship?

The answer is yes. And there are grounds for that. So what are the grounds for the loss of citizenship?

Number one, you now have naturalization in a foreign country. So, in case you are naturalized in another country, what would happen? You would now lose your Filipino citizenship. Number two, you now have expatriation. Expatriation is your express renunciation of your Filipino citizenship.

So, if expressly, i-re-renounce mo yung citizenship mo, anong tawag dyan? Expatriation. Yes?

So, express renunciation of citizenship, that is expatriation. Now, You go to number 3, subscribing to an oath of allegiance to the constitution or laws of a foreign state up until 2021. Now, bago kasi natin na-amend yung law with regard to the age of emancipation dati, Ang age of emancipation is 21. Pero ngayon, it is already 18. Dati, it is 21. Kaya sabi, kung ikaw, nagtake ka ngayon ng oath of allegiance sa constitution or law ng isang foreign state, the moment you reach the age of 21, which was originally the age of emancipation, anong sabi? It would now cause you to lose your Filipino citizenship.

Next, you now have rendering service or accepting commission in the armed forces of a foreign state. So, kung magre-render ka ngayon ng military service abroad, hindi dito sa Philippines but rather abroad, ano ang sabi? You now lose your Filipino citizenship.

Next, you now have the cancellation of your certificate of naturalization. Ma'am, anong tawag sa cancellation of certificate of naturalization? you call that your denaturalization. Yes? So, I repeat, when you say cancellation of certificate of naturalization, ano yan?

That is your denaturalization. So, ibig sabihin, you were already naturalized, kaya ka binigyan ng certificate of naturalization. In case, you would be doing something that would cause the cancellation of said certificate of naturalization.

Anong tawag dyan? Denaturalization. What's the effect?

you would now lose your citizenship. Next, you now go to having been declared by final judgment as a deserter of the armed forces of the Philippines in times of war. So try to imagine, may gera in which the Philippines is involved.

It is a war time. Tapos what did you do? You now abandon the armed forces.

So iniwan mo ngayon yung responsibility mo. Kunyari natakot ka, nagtago ka. Hindi ka na tumulong.

You abandoned your post, you abandoned your responsibility in times of war. Anong sabi? This is a ground for you to lose your citizenship.

Kung baga ba, para kang nag-awol. Yun nga lang, it happened in times of war. Yes, you were a deserter.

Inabandon mo yung armed forces. Kailangan, kailangan ka, inabandon mo. Next. Anong sabi dun sa last one?

In case of a Filipino woman, Upon her marriage to a foreigner, if by virtue of the laws enforced in her husband's country, she acquires his nationality. Anong sabi ko sa inyo kanina? If you now have a Filipino woman who would be marrying a foreigner, that Filipino woman would be retaining her citizenship as a Filipino. Unless, she would now be performing an act that would now, what? That would now renounce her citizenship.

So, in case yung asawa niya, yung law ng asawa niya, di ba foreigner si husband? In case based on the law ni husband, itong Filipino woman na to, maa-acquire niya ngayon yung citizenship ng husband niya by this specific act provided by the laws of her husband. So, maa-acquire daw niya yung citizenship ng asawa niya pag ito yung pinreform niyang act.

Ano ang sabi? This would now be a ground for her to lose her citizenship. Kasi sabi natin, di ba, you would retain your Filipino citizenship kahit na babae kang nagpakasal sa isang foreigner. Yun nga lang, huwag kang gagawa ng kahit anong act that would now renounce your Filipino citizenship. Yes?

Kasi the moment you do it in accordance with the laws of your husband, what would happen? You would now lose your citizenship. Yes? So, ito ngayon yung tinatawag natin na grounds for your loss of citizenship.

Gets? Mom, can you lose citizenship? Yes. Pinag-usapan natin kanina yung grounds. Kung bakit mawawala yung citizenship mo.

In case you lose it, can you still reacquire it? Again, the answer is yes. Mom, how?

There are three modes of reacquiring citizenship. Ano yung tatlong yan? Naturalization. Repatriation tapos Direct Act of Congress. I do believe there's no problem with your naturalization tapos Direct Act of Congress.

Ang pag-usapan natin, repatriation. Anyway, yung number 1 and number 3 ninyo is similar dun sa pinag-usapan na natin kanina about acquiring citizenship. So ang hindi lang natin alam dyan is repatriation.

Mom. What is repatriation? Definitely that would be the recovery of the original citizenship. I repeat, it is the recovery of the original citizenship.

Ibig sabihin, nawala mo siya at gusto mo siyang bawiin. Nawala mo siya at gusto mo siyang ma-recover. Gets? Ganon yung tinatawag nating reacquiring citizenship through repatriation. You lost it and you want to recover your original citizenship.

Now, ang repatriation ninyo can have a natural-born Filipino or a naturalized Filipino as subjects. Regardless if you are natural-born or naturalized, walang problema. You can be the subject of repatriation. Now, Siyempre, pag natural born ka, alam natin by birth yan, right? Yung isa, by naturalization siya.

So, in case, you now have the repatriation of a natural born citizen. Ano ang sabi? What would happen upon repatriation? That natural born citizen will now be restored to his former status as a natural born Filipino.

I repeat. Pag nagkaroon ng repatriation of a natural-born citizen, what would happen? That natural-born citizen will be restored to his former status as a natural-born Filipino. So, itong taong to, pag na-repatriate siya, dahil originally he was a natural-born citizen, i-re-restore mo lang siya sa status niya na natural-born citizen. He's not considered a naturalized Filipino.

kung magkakandak ng repatriation. Kasi nga, in repatriation, what do you do? You only recover the original citizenship.

So, because originally he was natural born, ire-recover lang natin yan, he's still considered a natural born upon the conduct of repatriation. So, natural born citizen, what would happen? He would be restored to his former status as a natural born Filipino.

On the other hand, If the subject of repatriation is a naturalized Filipino, anong mangyayari? Upon repatriation, this person now would be restored to his prior status as a naturalized Filipino citizen. So naturalized Filipino, you now lost your naturalized Filipino citizenship.

Na-repatriate ka, what would happen? Ire-restore ka nila sa pagiging naturalized Filipino citizen. Yes?

So that would be your repatriation. Get so far? So, ganun lang siya.

This would be the discussion on your citizenship. So, yun na. Nacover na natin yung required topics natin for your Bill of Rights. And we also tackled about your citizenship.

By the way, para doon sa qualifications and disqualifications of naturalization, I will just upload it sa group natin and then you read it. Get? So, ganun lang siya.

So, that's it.

Transcript for:Rights and Citizens in the Philippines

Transcript for:
Rights and Citizens in the Philippines