The Early Republic

Introduction

• Thomas Jefferson's electoral victory over John Adams marked significant changes in the early republic.
• Various social groups demanded a voice in the new nation.

Free and Enslaved Black Americans and the Challenge to Slavery

• Gabriel's rebellion in 1800 was a planned revolt to end slavery in Virginia.
  • The plan was revealed, leading to Gabriel's execution and increased restrictions on free people of color.
• The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) inspired both free and enslaved black Americans.
  • Highlighted by figures like David Walker and John Roosworm.
• White leaders used events like the Haitian Revolution to reinforce white supremacy.

Jeffersonian Republicanism

• Jefferson's presidency marked a shift towards greater control by non-elite white Americans.
• Jefferson emphasized a government answerable to the people, contrasting with the Federalist vision.
• Women were acknowledged in politics under the term "Republican motherhood."

Jefferson as President

• Jefferson reduced taxes and government spending, focusing on economic opportunities.
• Louisiana Purchase of 1803 expanded U.S. territory significantly.
• Embargo Act of 1807 aimed to maintain neutrality, but hurt the U.S. economy.

Native American Power and the United States

• Diplomatic relations with Native Americans were strained.
  • Leaders like Tecumseh sought unity among Native nations.
• Native American resistance was significant, yet faced challenges.

The War of 1812

• Stemming from issues like impressment and British relations with Native Americans.
• Organized in three stages: Atlantic Theater, Great Lakes, and Southern Theater.
  • Key figures include Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.
• The Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it bolstered American nationalism.
• The war fostered economic independence and infrastructure development in the U.S.

Conclusion

• Post-war America saw the demise of the Federalists and the rise of the Jacksonian Democrats.
• Ongoing political divisions and the evolving meaning of democracy amidst social changes.