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Which cells in the epidermis are involved in the immune response?
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Intradermal macrophages, which phagocytose bacteria.
What are the three main layers of the skin?
Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer (hypodermis).
How does the integumentary system regulate body temperature?
By hair standing up in cold weather to conserve heat and sweating in hot weather to release heat.
What sensory roles does the integumentary system play?
It provides sensory information through tactile cells in the epidermis and sensory receptors in the dermis.
What is the primary role of the hypodermis?
To connect epithelial tissues to underlying tissues and provide insulation.
What is the connection between the papillary layer and the epidermis?
The papillary layer forms the interface with the epidermis, helping to create surface texture like fingerprints.
What role do keratinocytes play in the epidermis?
They produce keratin, a protective fibrous protein.
Which layer of the epidermis contains flattened, keratin-filled cells?
Stratum Corneum.
What type of skin is found on the palms and soles, and how does it differ from other skin?
Thick skin, which has an additional layer called the stratum lucidum and lacks hair.
What differentiates the stratum lucidum from other layers of the epidermis?
It is present only in thick skin, such as on the palms and soles.
Explain the function of melanocytes in the skin.
Melanocytes produce melanin, a pigment that determines skin color.
Which layer of the epidermis is most responsible for continuous cell regeneration?
Stratum Basale, which contains highly mitotic cells.
Describe the role of the dermis's papillary layer.
It forms fingerprints and connects to the epidermis.
How is skin color genetically determined?
By multiple genes that control the production and uptake of melanin by keratinocytes.
What components are included in the accessory structures of the integumentary system?
Hair, nails, and glands (sweat and oil glands).
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