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Overview of Dental Materials and Care

Apr 27, 2025

Dental Materials Overview Lecture

Introduction

  • Focus on dental materials essential for creating dental impressions and custom oral appliances.
  • Importance of understanding both study models and custom-made oral appliances.

Impressions for Study Models

  • Dental Impression: A negative imprint used to create a 3D reproduction of teeth and surrounding tissues.
  • Types of Reproductions:
    • Die: Positive reproduction.
    • Study Model: Positive reproduction.
    • Cast: Positive reproduction.

Types of Impressions

  • Preliminary Impressions:
    • Accurate reproductions of the patient's mouth.
    • Used for documentation and patient education.
  • Final Impressions:
    • Capture exact detail for making casts and dies (crowns, dentures, restorations).
  • Bite Registration:
    • Records occlusal relationships.

Impression Trays

  • Various types (metal, perforated, plastic, quadrant, disposable).
  • Sizes available for children and adults.

Impression Materials

  • Reversible Hydrocolloid: Can revert to liquid state with thermal changes.
  • Irreversible Hydrocolloid (Alginate): Cannot revert; set state is permanent.

Storage and Handling of Alginate

  • Store in a cool, non-refrigerated place to prevent deterioration.
  • Impression Handling:
    • Wrap impressions in a moistened towel.
    • Store in a biohazard bag to prevent distortion.
  • Mixing Ratios:
    • Maxillary: 3 scoops powder, 3 lines water.
    • Mandibular: 2 scoops powder, 2 lines water.

Working and Setting Time

  • Regular Set Powder: 2 minutes working time, 4.5 minutes setting time.
  • Fast Set Powder: 1-2 minutes setting time.

Manipulation of Setting Time

  • Use cold water for longer working time; warm water for shorter setting time.

Removable Oral Appliances

  • Cleaning Frequency: Daily cleaning with soft toothbrush and water.
  • Types:
    • Mouthguards, whitening trays, fluoride trays, retainers.

Restorative Materials

  • Patient Preferences: Composites preferred over amalgams for aesthetics.
  • Restorations:
    • Direct: Performed in the mouth (e.g., amalgam, composite).
    • Indirect: Requires lab work (e.g., crowns, bridges).

Dental Isolation

  • Dental Dams: Essential for moisture control in restorative procedures.

Orthodontic Care

  • Indications for Ortho: Malocclusion, facial aesthetics, oral function, periodontal health.
  • Interprofessional Collaboration: Orthodontists work with various health professionals except endodontists.
  • Medical Considerations: Awareness of medications and conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes) affecting ortho treatment.

These notes cover the main ideas and key points from the lecture on dental materials and orthodontic care, focusing on impressions, restorative practices, and the importance of dental isolation and hygiene in treatment.

Full transcript