Overview
This lecture explains the main routes by which medications can be administered, distinguishing between enteral and non-enteral methods for organized classification.
Classification of Routes of Administration
- There are two main groups: enteral and non-enteral routes.
- Enteral administration involves delivering medication through the digestive system.
- Non-enteral administration involves delivering medication by mechanisms other than the digestive tract.
Enteral Routes
- Enteral routes start at the mouth and end at the rectum.
- Oral administration includes forms like tablets, capsules, syrups, and nasogastric infusions.
- Rectal administration includes suppositories, rectiolas, and enemas.
Non-Enteral Routes
- Non-enteral routes are divided into parenteral and non-parenteral methods.
- Parenteral administration involves piercing the skin using a syringe and needle.
- Main parenteral routes: intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and spinal (the last handled by medical professionals).
- Non-parenteral administration does not pierce the skin but uses the skin or mucous membranes for absorption.
Types of Non-Parenteral Routes
- Topical route involves applying creams, ointments, lotions, eye/nasal drops, and ovules to the skin or mucous membranes.
- Respiratory route includes inhalers, aerosols, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilators.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Enteral — medication administered through the digestive tract (mouth to rectum).
- Non-Enteral — medication administered by routes other than the digestive tract.
- Parenteral — medication delivered by piercing the skin (e.g., injections).
- Non-Parenteral — medication administered without skin piercing, absorbed through skin or mucous membranes.
- Topical — medication applied directly to skin or mucosa.
- Respiratory — medication delivered through the respiratory tract (inhalation).
Action Items / Next Steps
- Download the chart summarizing routes from the provided Google Drive link.
- Review uploaded procedural videos for detailed demonstrations.