Overview
This lecture focuses on the life, leadership, and legacy of Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan movement in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonization.
Andres Bonifacio: Background and Early Life
- Andres Bonifacio was born in Tondo, Manila, and is known as the "Father of the Philippine Revolution."
- He came from a humble background and worked various jobs to support his family.
- Bonifacio was self-educated and read books about the French Revolution and national independence.
The Katipunan Movement
- The Katipunan, also called KKK, was a secret society founded to gain independence from Spain.
- Membership required secrecy, and the group used coded messages and aliases.
- The Katipunan encouraged unity and courage among Filipinos to fight for freedom.
- Women were also included as members and played support roles.
Key Events and Actions
- The discovery of the Katipunan by Spanish authorities led to an outbreak of hostilities, called the Cry of Pugad Lawin.
- Bonifacio led initial armed revolts against Spanish rule in Manila and nearby provinces.
- The Katipunan established revolutionary government structures, with Bonifacio as “Supremo” (supreme leader).
Rivalries and the Downfall of Bonifacio
- Bonifacio faced internal conflict with Emilio Aguinaldo’s faction, especially during the Tejeros Convention.
- Disputes arose over leadership and legitimacy of revolutionary government positions.
- Bonifacio was arrested, tried, and executed by fellow revolutionaries under Aguinaldo’s orders.
Bonifacio’s Legacy
- Bonifacio is remembered for his bravery and as a symbol of grassroots Filipino resistance.
- Despite his tragic end, he is honored as a national hero.
- The Katipunan’s actions paved the way for the Philippine Declaration of Independence.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Katipunan (KKK) — Secret society fighting for Philippine independence from Spain.
- Supremo — Title for Andres Bonifacio as leader of the Katipunan.
- Cry of Pugad Lawin — Outbreak marking the start of open revolt against Spain.
- Tejeros Convention — Meeting that resulted in a split among revolutionary leaders.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Read assigned pages on Bonifacio and the Katipunan in your textbook.
- Prepare for a discussion or quiz on revolutionary organizations and their leaders.