Lecture Notes: Physiology of Exercise
Introduction
- Overview of exercise physiology
- Encouragement to view additional videos for more depth
- Importance of understanding body systems related to exercise
Key Topics
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Body Systems & Exercise
- Exercise challenges homeostasis
- Increases in heart rate and respiratory rate during exercise
- Three main systems involved:
- Skeletal and muscular systems
- Cardiovascular system
- Respiratory system
-
Skeletal Muscles & Exercise
- Movement requires increased respiration and blood supply
- Redistribution of blood flow during exercise
- Muscle Composition:
- Over 600 skeletal muscles
- Muscle fibers (basic unit) make up motor units
- Type 1 (slow twitch) vs. Type 2 (fast twitch) fibers
- Type 2 has subtypes: 2A, 2X, 2C
- Different fibers used for different activities
-
Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems
- Work concurrently to transport energy and oxygen
- Pulmonary ventilation: inspiration and expiration
- Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
- Effects of exercise on heart rate and stroke volume
-
Energy Systems & Metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy currency
- Macronutrients are oxidized to release ATP
- Energy substrates: Glycogen and Fat
- Glycogen stored in muscles, liver, plasma
- Fat stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue
- Three energy systems:
- ATP-PC System (immediate energy)
- Anaerobic Glycolysis (short-term energy)
- Aerobic Metabolism (long-term, sustained energy)
-
Adaptations & Training Principles
- Exercise adaptations involve stress and response
- Key principles:
- Individuality
- Specificity
- Progressive Overload
- Variation/Periodization
- Adaptations in endurance vs. resistance training
- Endurance: Increased capillarization, type 1 fibers, cardiac adaptations
- Resistance: Neural adaptations, muscle hypertrophy
-
Fatigue & Overtraining
- Muscular fatigue: inability to produce force
- Short-term vs. Long-term fatigue
- Overreaching: temporary performance decrease
- Importance of rest and recovery
Conclusion
- Encouragement to explore beyond the chapter for deeper understanding
- Reminder to complete the chapter quiz
These notes offer a comprehensive overview of the key points discussed in Professor Gunnall's lecture on exercise physiology, focusing on the physiological responses to exercise, energy systems, and training principles.