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Why does HF have the highest boiling point among the hydrogen halides?
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HF has the highest boiling point due to hydrogen bonding, which is not present in other hydrogen halides.
Describe a disproportionation reaction involving Chlorine.
In disproportionation, Chlorine in aqueous solution reacts to form different compounds by changing oxidation states, like in interactions with water or potassium hydroxide.
What causes the boiling points of halogens to increase down the group?
The boiling points increase due to the larger atomic size and stronger London dispersion forces.
Which halogen appears purple in hexane and distinguish its other physical appearances?
Iodine appears gray as a solid and turns purple when dissolved in organic solvents like hexane; it also forms a reddish-brown solution in water.
What is the common use of ammoniacal silver nitrate in analyzing halides?
Ammoniacal silver nitrate is used to distinguish between halides based on the differential solubility of their silver salt precipitates.
Describe the physical states and colors of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine at room temperature.
Fluorine is a yellow gas, Chlorine a green gas, Bromine a reddish-brown liquid, and Iodine a gray solid.
Why does Fluorine exhibit the highest reactivity among the halogens?
Fluorine is very reactive due to its small size and strong ability to attract electrons, making it an effective oxidizing agent.
What are the products when concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with Potassium Bromide?
Upon reacting with concentrated sulfuric acid, Potassium Bromide produces sulfur dioxide, bromine, bromide fumes, and possibly other products.
Which halogen is the only non-metal that is a liquid at room temperature?
Bromine is the only non-metal that is liquid at room temperature.
Compare and contrast the reactivity of Fluorine and Astatine.
Fluorine is highly reactive due to its small size and high electronegativity, making it an effective oxidizing agent, whereas Astatine, being much larger, exhibits significantly reduced reactivity.
What products are formed when Iodide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid?
Iodide reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid yields sulfur dioxide, iodine, sulfur, and hydrogen sulfide.
What distinguishes halogens in group 7 of the periodic table?
Halogens are Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, and Astatine, which are distinct in their increasing atomic radius and decreasing reactivity as you go down the group.
Why is Astatine less reactive compared to other halogens?
Astatine is less reactive due to its larger atomic size and lower ability to attract electrons compared to other halogens up the group.
How can you test for halides using aqueous silver nitrate?
Test for halides by observing the color of the precipitates with silver nitrate: Chloride forms a white precipitate, Bromide forms a cream precipitate, and Iodide forms a yellow precipitate.
What trend is observed in the bond strength and thermal stability of hydrogen halides (HF, HCl, HBr, HI) down the group?
The bond strength and thermal stability of hydrogen halides decrease down the group.
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