Lecture on Cartilage

Definition and Basic Characteristics

• Cartilage: A connective tissue found throughout the human body.
  • Cells: Chondrocytes.
  • Origin: Derived from precursor cells (fibroblasts), similar to bone.

Components

• Chondrocytes: Cells secreting cartilage.
• Extracellular Matrix: Includes:
  • Collagen: Strong, fibrous protein.
  • Elastin: Elastic protein providing flexibility.

Key Characteristics

• Strength and Flexibility: Provided by collagen and elastin.
• Non-innervated: No nerve cells.
• Avascular: No blood vessels or vasculature.
  • Receives nutrition and immune protection from surrounding fluid.

Types of Cartilage

1. Hyaline Cartilage

• Location:
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Joints (articular cartilage)
• Function: Reduces friction and absorbs shock.

2. Elastic Cartilage

• Location:
  • Outer ear
  • Epiglottis
• Function: Provides shape and support.

3. Fibrous Cartilage

• Location:
  • Intervertebral discs (spine)
  • Pubic symphysis (pelvis)
• Function: Provides rigidity and absorbs shock.

Important Notes

• Cartilage vs. Collagen:
  • Cartilage: Type of tissue.
  • Collagen: Protein found in cartilage.
  • Essential for distinguishing between the two.