[Music] Hello everybody welcome to this webinar so we are going to start the session so I hope that everybody can hear me very well so before I begin I'm going to present myself I'm Dr Dan uh the central Africa manager I'm working right now in my D itq in South Korea so I'm really glad that you you are connected and I wish you to follow the webinar from the beginning till the end because it's really interesting we are going to start with a brief presentation of the agenda and then a brief presentation of our company and what we do in Vias it then we are going to start to explain about the design optimization of reinforced concrete calv bridge and the Very loading condition I hope that everybody can see the screen so I can start uh the session the content in this webinar is uh divided in six parts so the first part we are going to introduce our subject and then we're going to model the calv bridge and then we're going to apply various loading condition upon the calvet bridge and the fourth point is about the analysis and design optimization then we are going to interpret the result and then we are going to learn how to to generate the report the company of my Des it is there to serve you and to make any engineer all over the world Happy using the tool we develop here in our company so for you to know very well the product will develop to make you happy you need to you need to to be trained by expert here in Maas it so we do trainings all over the world as you can watch the picture on the screen you can do training even in Africa in India in Europe in USA so whenever you have any any technical problem or you want to learn more about how product you are welcome to send me a text message or an email so we can collaborate easily when someone want to learn more about our software for example m c you need to practice and when you are practicing you are going to gain new knowledge and you are going to improve your your skills when you are modeling the the structures and the product of my civil is based on bridge design so that software can can modle every kind of of bridge from the conventional to the very complex bridge and by that Cil can handle so for today we are going to to learn about the the calv bridge which is the the simplest among the bridge but a lot of people they still doing this this calet Bridge Project and they still ask a lot of question about the the modeling and the design of this structure which is really important so this structure can help us to to control the Stream flow and to regulate the traffic we are going to go I'm going to explain about the Cal design process so we are going to run through this process in order to to make the design of the complete structure the first step to do is to establish the design condition and the second one is about the the pred Dimension we need to to to make the to predefine the section and then we need to define the boundary condition of our our structure and then we are going to analyze the structure after analysis then we can design the structure and generate some drawings that can help us in the construction of the structure so about the design condition okay we have to to determine the parameters that we are going to use in the design so first of all we need to do the ground investigation and then we have to select the materials we are going to use and to specify the material properties after that we need to analyze also what kind of load will be applied on this on the calet so in our case we are going to analyze different pressure applied on the Calbert so we have soil pressure and groundw pressure live load as you know the moving load and then seismic load and I know that you you know very well that seismic loading is not easy and it need to be treated separately so we can understand very very well the the flow of the design so we we are not going to mix this uh this load condition with seismic load so I'm going to prepare another session about seismic loading applied on the calet bridge the structure shape we are going to use it one cell calvet box in the the inner diameter of this calvet it measured 2.2 m in X Direction and 2.2 in y direction the unit weight of the material we are going to use is for the reinforced concrete we used 24.5 Kon per cubic meter and if you want to use the mortar you can specify the unit weight for the the mortar and it's 21 kilon per cubic meter and then the strength of the material or the concrete we have 24 MPA and the young modulus of concrete it's 27 MPA and for the yield strength of the steel is 400 MPA and lastly we have the modulus of of elasticity of Steel is 2,000 200,000 MPA so other soil property for the the Calin we are going to analyze we have the weight soil unit weight it's 19 19 Kon per cubic meter for the submerged soil oil unit weight we have 10 and then we have the internal friction of soil we have 30° and the coefficient of Earth pressure rest we took it as 05 after using the internal friction soil you can replace it with it's value here in S 5 then you will get 0.5 then the underground water level is took at minus 1 M and the undergrad water unit weight is 10 kilon per cubic meter so for the live load or the moving load on the ground surface we use this uh standard vehicle db24 and the value it's is this one so in the the coming slide I'm going to explain how to calculate this value so you can understand very well how to get it easily and the other pressure we are going to learn how to calculate them also so for the section we are going to use it it's a 2d two dimensional section is you know that for the Cal even if you have if you analyze 2D you can you can analyze you can get similar results even for 3D analysis so for the section we are going to use we are going to use uh in this direction we are going to take one mirror and then the upper slab as you can see here it say 0.4 m thickness the thickness of the upper slab and then the wall also have a 0.4 M and the lowest SL thickness is the same for all the thickness is is constant for all the structure the other verification we have to do is about the the buan see because we have the the underground water so we need need to verify uh the condition the safety factor and this safety Factor can can tell us if the section we we select is it's good or not even if before the design in the software you need to select the section that the the you need to predefine the section that you're going to use for the the analysis so so checking about the the buy see it's really important and because it's going to help you to perform the design so after performing the design you are not going to repeat a lot of stuff if the section didn't pass so first of all you need to to check about the bany which it's an upward force that can can push up the the structure because of water this is the condition we are going to use when we have the underground water and when we don't have underground water so all of these load condition we are going to use them in the analysis when you calculate the the resisting forces over the the bany you need to have uh the value that is higher than 1 two so for the resisting force of the B and see we have the self weight of the structure we have the vertical pressure and then we have the ground water pressure so these three load have to to balance well with the the Bo and C that will be created due to the the underground water so these are formulas that we are going to to use to calculate different loads so we have the vertical Earth pressure and it's formula the horizontal Earth pressure the first case we are going to analyze it's about when we have when we don't we don't have the underground water and the second case we are going to consider the underground water so when we have the ground the underground water this is the the vertical Earth pressure when we have the underground water but this one is the vertical pressure when we don't have the underground water and for the horizontal Earth pressure we use the the coefficient of Earth pressure times the unit weight of the soil multiply by the height so this is the the formula of the the coefficient of Earth pressure so with underground water the origonal F pressure can be calculated using this formula to calculate the self weight it's really easy and I hope that all of you have learned how to calculate the the self weight of the structure for the upper SLP because the width of our our section is three so we are going to use three times the thickness of the slab times the unit weight of the of concrete and then you get this value here so I'm not going to explain deep this value because you all you know all of them so we are going to use them in the software very quickly and about the hunches we have four four corner of hes so the dimension as I I show you on the screen you have you have to M to multiply by four and then the unit weight of the concrete this is the way you can calculate the the load acting upon the the upper SL because the section of the okay let me explain a little bit about the section even if it's a 2d but we consider one meter in this direction here that's the presence of this one times the unit weight of the weight soil times the width of the structure then it's going to give you the this value here and similarly you can get the the load when we have the for the sub soil and then the self weight of the underground water also can be calculated similarly so these are the the other formula when we consider water pressure in in in the ground so for the water pressure these are the formula you can use to get the the value of the load so the other important thing to specify here is about how to make the model so I know that a lot of people there they do know that in my Dil we have three different way to model the structure but in this webinar we are going to use the node element method to model the the calvet to model the structure and in order to model the structure we need to model it at the centroid of the structure is specify here so we don't take all the thickness of the structure but we specify the lines at the Centro it that's why this line when you you make the plane to make the model you have to to remember that these line are at the centroid of the structure so you can ask me so what about the load that can be applied here on the structure in this corner so about this load don't worry about that because it doesn't influence too much the structure when you use the the line at the centroid so you don't need to worry about the load that can be applied in this area so when you calculate the load don't forget get this this location when you calculate the pressures so when you calculating the horizontal pressure for example the height should should start here at the centroid up to the top of the structure when you calculate the load applying here and for this one also you don't need to start here but from the the center line where we have the centroid and then you go up to the top I hope we are going to do that in the software very soon so I just show you how I calculated the the different load we are going to use in in our demonstration so this will about the Earth pressure the vertical one and the Earth pressure the small the minimum and this one is the maximum so as you can see this distance here is 2.5 M but to reach the centroid we it 0.2 this distance is 0.2 M so you are going to add this distance here plus 0.2 which is going to give you 2.7 time the unit weight of the soil time 0.5 and this is the value of the pressure the horizontal Earth pressure this is the the coefficient of Earth of Earth pressure as I explained before so I'm going to go a little bit faster so we can start using the software because I know a lot of people they're waiting for the demonstration so I just showed the the result I got when I calculated the the vertical Earth pressure and the horizontal Earth pressure and this is the case where where we consider the underground water so also using the previous formula I showed you you can get this value easily so can for the case of the water pressure also as I showed you the formula you can use them to get this volue but you need to respect the center line of the structure where we are going to apply the loading that's really more important you don't need to forget that so about the live load or moving load we are going to use on this this vehicle this truck and this truck is based on the Korean highway bridge design code but don't worry about this code because the calculation of of Life load or moving load they they similar for different code it's just the calculation to get the value we are going to use in the software but in the software for the design we're going to use Euro code so don't be uh upset about this code of of Korean so as you know that we have to consider the the the maximum load of the of the of the truck so this these value here they they given but W is specified by by this value here 24 24 ton that's the meaning of this value W the value of w is 240 kilon so you have to multiply this value by 0.4 to get the maximum load that can be produce on this wheel under this wheel and this value we are going to use it to calculate the the live load or the moving load applied on the calvet so is the load of the track doesn't go directly very Co when it it passes over the the structure the distribution of the load is is follow 45 Dee that's how the distribution of the load happen when a track is passing over a structure or over the the soil and that distribution in different code they can Define the value of H that we have to apply the the life load is defined by by this value here H this value of H the height where we have the structure and then the contact P here is defined by 0.2 so this value you can check them in the in different code to Define this value the width on which the the moving load can be applied is defined by 0.2 plus 2 H so in in this this is the width where we the the load the influence of the load can be localized when we are calculating the the Ling load based on the code the minimum value we have to apply for the for the live load it's is 10 kilon 10 Kon per met square and this value uh was found based on the experiment is not for by using this value no this just the definition in the code based on experiments that they Define this one this value here so there are different cases that we need to to know when we are designing the the live load so if the structure is far away from the ground surface the influence of the live load will be can be neglected So based on the age the height of the ground there are there are some value if you are if H is uh is greater than three so the influence of the the track will be neglected but for the value that are in this interval then you need to consider the influence of the life load on your structure so for the case we for our case we have this one when the the influence of the the live load cover all the structure and in this case we have only the one portion that is is covered by the the area where we have the the influence of the life the life load so this these are formula that I will not explain them you can use the code to calculate this value but the value we calculated previously it's this value is 9 96 and then I is the impact factor B is the width the width of the the structure and then W is the width of the the live load the weight of the live load distribution so this W2 is the one that I just explained that it's 0.2 plus plus 2 H this the value of the width of lifo distribution so in our case we are going to use this the formula of this first case and after using that formula we found that the live load is 13.5 Kon per me squar and when you want to to check about the value of the impact factor you can check the code and they give the impact factor even in the tabulation form so you can check them very well so when we are in in this interval based on the the height the distance from the the top surface up to the the lab that distance when it is in this interval so the impact factor it's about 30% and when it's between one and two we have 20% and in between two and three it's 10% and then if H is greater than three then there the live load doesn't have any influence so we can continue these are the value of the live load we just calculated the life load acting in the horizontal Direction it's calculated as the the the coefficient of Earth Earth pressure times times the minimum the minimum value of the live load based on the code so this is the value that we we calculate because k0 is 0 0.5 * 10 is5 so when we are doing the design we are going to use the load combination and the load combination we're going to use in design it's a it's like in real design so this example is going to help you very much when you are doing the design of Cal and these are the factor based on the ultimate strength design and this one is for the serviceability so we are going to use them in my civil when we are doing the demonstration for the boundary condition we used the compression only spring so this spring you need to understand it very well so you can understand if you use it in a wrong way you will get error you need to understand how it function then you will apply the load very well so if I can explain it in brief so when you have this compression only spring the load is applied here on the top but in this part if you apply the load in this direction you will get wrong answer so you need to be careful for example when you have the pressure the vertical pressure in this direction for example you have 45 the value we have for the the vertical Earth pressure and for the the Bo and see we get it's 40 45 Kon per per met Square so when you have these two value you have 15 and then here you have 45 if you you you subtract the this value you are going to to have minus minus 30 so when you have the negative value like that it means that this load will act from this part of the spring so you need to make sure that the the load is applied on the top of this spring when you're applying the load so this to avoid this this case you have to use the load combination as I show you before especially in this case USD 02 you have that problem about the water pressure so I'm going to explain it when we run running the software so we can understand very well so to calculate the the stiffness of the spring you can go down in the in in the code because you need to do experiment to get real value of the ground you have so I will not go deep in the exper the explanation of that but the unit of the subgrade reaction to get the stiffness you need first to to have the value of the subgrade reaction and this subgrade reaction unit is kilon per cubic meter so after getting this value of subgrade reaction then you can M multiply this value by by the area to get the stiffness of this spring this is the the formula used after getting this value by experiment because there are some value here we can you can use the experiment to get those values so will not go deep in explanation because this value is is determined by experiment so you can ask question to the geotechnical engineer so you can get this subgrade reaction after getting this subgrade reaction then you can calculate the stiffness of this spring here so to calculate the stiffness after getting the subgrade reaction it's really easy okay this subgrade reaction multiply by the half distance between these two node to get the stiffness of this for the first node here the first spring so in the next table I can explain it so when you are applying the when you're applying the boundary condition on different Lo node here you need to make a plan about the node you are going to use in the in the design So based on the result you want to get you can specify the number of node you are going to to use for the boundary condition so I know that a lot of people there studed the finite element analysis so you need to specify the distance the proper distance of the spring in order to have uh a good simulation result because this if someone space uh the spring widely like this the result can't be the same as some one who place a lot of spring on this side of the structure so you need to to use those rule you learn in finite element analysis to specify the distance you're going to use between the the spring or the boundary condition to simulate the soil so after calculation for node number one and and Node 1 we have this stiffness for these two no and for node number two and 12 we have this value for 3 and 11 this value then not 5 through 9 we have this F for the stiffness so I said that you need to to multiply the the subgrade reaction times the area so here the the area we have let me show that area it's in this direction so we going to use this uh this is the first node and the other node is here this is the half distance between these two nodes you're going to take this distance times the distance in this direction and this distance is 1 m is the section we took the section we are going to use in the in the design it's 1 m in this direction so here you need to multiply by one one m so as you can see here you have kilon per meter per cubic meter times the first meter here for the the width times the one metor in that I just explain then you will have the end the the unit for the stiffness kilon per meon so these value are stiffness of the the spring these value we are going to use them in the modeling we are going to open the software and explain all the the step we we we have defined there so this is the window of our s software by that to open the the new project you need to click on this icon here on new project or you can go you can click on this icon here and then you can find new project or if you have an existing project you can click here so I'm going to use this icon for the new project okay I will open the new s the the new project okay this is the new new project that I have open so to begin the simulation we have to to Define first the unit we are going to use you can go to Tool menu and use the unit system you can select meter kilon and then we going to hit on okay or you can use the the status bar here you can select the unit here also very easily because our software is really is really well designed and user friendly software so you can use it very easily and you can modify the units whenever you want so as I specified before we are going to use node element method to model the the calvet first of all we can Define the material the material we are going to use then we can go to the geometrical modeling so to specify the material you need to go to property and then material property then you can Define the material section and the thickness so we are going to start by material then we're going to click on ADD and we have different material we have we are going to use concrete and let's select the the design that you like it the the code you like it's a BS a lot of people they like BS in Africa so I select the concrete based on the BS standard so we can select the the compressive strength of the concrete and then we we can specify the name of concrete at c25 and then we click okay so because we have only one material in our project so that's enough for the material we can Define also the section click on ADD and the shape of the section as I explained before it's a solid rectangle I'm not going to use the DP but I'm going to use the user defin shape so for the height it's 04 when you are inputting the data make sure about the units you are using because you can you you can use different unit system and that will give you a wrong answer at the end so this is the the section we are going to use for for the L lab the L lab shape section is 0.4 and one then I'm going to click on apply then the other section it's about the wall then I'm going to click on apply and the last section they have the similar size so I I didn't change the value and for the upper left we have the same section and then I click on okay so we have three section that we are going to use in the the model for the lowest lab this one I can modify the name it's low lower I'm sorry for the mistake lower SLB and then W and then upper slab then I can close so after that we can we can create the node to create the node we can go here to create node and then we can specify the the reference node we can create it at 0.0.0 I can click on apply and then you can realize that there is a node created here at the reference the origin so there are different way you can create get other other nod here in my you can you can extrude this node to a line because we are going to use a 2d 2D simulation so we can extrude that node to a line so we can make the the beam element based on using the extrude function we have in my so for that as you can see that we are going to extrude element but we are going to use node to line elements there are different way you can extrude line element to planer element and planer element to solid element but in our case we are going to use node to line element and we are going to use the the element type we going to use it's beam and the material we just created is concrete c25 and the section it's a we are going to use for the lowest lab section so if you want to modify the section you can hit on the thre Point here and modify the section we we just Define but as we don't need to modify can continue easily you can Define even different distance to extrude the this point here so I'm going to use the the relative distance that are prepared here and they are anal distance so I can paste here the different distance that I used for my when I show you the the spring those distance between the spring those distance is are the distance that I'm using in the cap and paste the those distance here from uh Excel sheet so you can prepare those distance in Excel sheet and copy and paste them here in this area and then you have to select the reference node after selecting the node then you can hit on apply but before hitting on apply you need to specify the direction of the extrude function so we are going to extrude in X Direction in this direction so I have to hit on apply so that's the the the node and elements that are generated you can you can see them very well the not that we just created we have one up to 13 node so to create the wall this is the the lowest laab so to create the wall I I'm going to use the same because we have the square shape box CET I'm going to select these two nodes here node number one and node 13 then I'm going to extrude them using the distance thata specified here and then I I have to change the the section even if they're same but we can change the section to wall and then we because the material same we we leave it in that way and then we click on apply before clicking on apply you can select the direction the direction we are going to use is z Direction This Z Direction here and then uh select the node and then we are going to click on apply then you can check the wall I created wall like this it's really easy to create the Box using this extrude function here and for the upper slab we have to select this note here and the direction of the Extrusion it's X then we are going to click on apply then this is the uh they telling us to save the we have we can save the the file so this is the the Cal box you can watch it like that so if you want to see it in in a different different color colors you can change the the color as you you want in the display display view so we can we can still have that same color we don't need to change it it's not that important so this is the geometrical shape that we have for the the calvet the next step we need to define the the loading condition for the loading condition before reaching to the Loading condition you you can check the you can check the the no axis here not no axis but the element axis so we can see if they are properly apart here so if you can check this axis here you can realize that we have Z in this direction here and we have Z upward like like this one for the upper slab and the left wall Z is in the the direction that we want to get the result but for the the left wall and the down the the lowest laab here C duration is not good when we are going to apply the load the pressure that we are going to apply on this calate so you need to be careful about applying the load the pressure you need to change the direction of Z when you're applying applying the load so to change that direction to change the direction of Z you need to select first the wall this wall and then this after selecting this left wall and this lower lower slab then you can go to to node element and then change change parameters and in change parameter you're going to change the element local axis and the element up is frame so we are going to rotate the angle at 180° then we s we already select the the wall and the lowest la we hit on apply then you realize that the Z direction is in the proper direction when we apply the the pressure on the structure so after changing the the local the elements local axis then we can Define the the load that we are going to to apply on the structure so for the load we need to Define first the the cases we are going to to use first of all we are going to have the the dead load and we can select user user Define then we click on okay the second load is going be to be live load vertical in vertical Direction and it's select user defin load and the other live load is in horizontal Direction and then I hit on Earth the other load we have it's the Earth pressure in a vertical Direction and the Earth pressure in horizontal direction we have also the Earth pressure in vertical Direction but with the underground water the vertical pressure the Earth pressure in horizontal Direction with the the underground water lastly we have the water pressure in vertical Direction and then the water pressure in horizontal Direction and we have nine nine cases of the load or static load then we can close this one after defining the the load cases then we can apply the loads that I show you before in the in the PPT so we can start by defining the self weight the self with it it's calculated automatically in the software so we can we can choose we can hit here we can write minus one in Z Direction then we can click add uh that's how we Define self weight for the whole structure in by we can also apply the live load in the vertical Direction I don't know if you remember the picture but is I have the value I'm going to show you how to apply it let me hide the the local AIS first so you can see very well the how to apply the load so for the live load we are going to use this line line element here and we are going to input first the live load in vertical Direction in vertical Direction the value was 13.5 and the load is is uniform it's uniform load we are going to use the local Z axis is specified for the element local axis so we are going to select the direction of local axis make sure you don't miss this point is really important selecting the the axis because of the the pressure the different pressure we are going to apply on the structure so after selecting that you need to specify the value of the the life load I told you that we have 30 13538 you need to check also the units because the units are also important so minus it means that the load is down downward then to apply that value you need to specify the node the first node and the end node of the of where you are going to apply this this amount so you need to click in this box when no for loading line so you need to click here and select the node you click on the first node and and the last note the load we we have to apply to check the value you need to go here to the display and then click on node not node but load and then we can specify Beam Beam load and then click apply and you should select also a load value to check the value so we can see that this is the value we are using so we can continue applying the load I'm going to go a little bit faster because we still have only bought 30 minutes so this is the vertical the vertical value for this one so we need to apply also the horizontal horizontal load for the horizontal load we need to select LH it's a uniform load and the value it's minus 5 and the local Z Direction you need to check it and then click on the the node that we are going to use we have to click on this load and this one and then here also we have the value for that like that we can apply the live load in the horizontal direction we can continue with the Earth pressure in a vertical Direction its value is minus 34 so we need to click on this note here we need to place the cursor in this area first and check the local Z Direction and then we click here oh I have to select the node okay okay we have selected the load case and then we space for it's a unit load and then the value of the load is 34 and then we need to to select the load we need to click here and then click on the the node we are going to use okay let me uncheck the value so you can see they load very well let me check the load and value so we can be clear but what we are applying so that's the the Earth pressure Earth pressure verticle so we need to select the Earth pressure in horizontal Direction but this one it's a it's not a uniform load but it's trapezoid load so we need to specify the load is is a trapezoid the load we need to go to local Z Direction and specify this value of the of the pressure is 31 minus 31 I'm sorry and minus - 18 after specifying those value then you can select the load you can start where where you have the the highest value click here and here then the load is going to apply like that and then you click here and here for the second load this is the the distribution of the the F pressure in horizontal Direction so we need also to go to the F pressure in vertical Direction considering the the underground water so the value for this one it's it's a very okay it's very the very value for this it one I made interchange the value of this of this load here I'm sorry for this one we have let me repeat this one because we make a mistake about the F pressure in vertical Direction F pressure in vertical direction we have it based on the calculation we did on the on the the in the presentation I just interchange the value of these two two load cases so I'm going to to modify it because it's easy to modify the load application here so I can select EPV as the Earth pressure in vertical Direction and the load is a uniform load so I can change the local Z Direction and then I specify the value the value is minus 47.5 then instead of add we need to say replace so when we we are going to replace the the previous load because it was applied wrongly we didn't apply it very well so after doing this you need to specify the the node then we click on the these two node here okay that's good and then we need to change also for the horizontal for the horizontal we need to have we have the trapezoid load then we need to hit here one and then we we put the value of the load starting by the Big Value but it depends on where you're going to start the big value with the small value it depends on the the the node you're are going to click for the first the first time is minus 25 65 then you click here then select here and here for the trapezoid okay this mistake is this a mistake we didn't change the global the global access to local local Z AIS that's why it's apply in this direction of the global Z Direction so we need also to change that by selecting replace the replace is selected so we need to change or we can go back by clicking on this icon going back or you can replace it in this way also it's possible click here and here so it's going to change the Val so when you you have a lot of loads you need to be careful because if you don't be careful you're going to to make a wrong design at the end so for this case we have also to use replace okay replace instead of add then we are going to start by the UN the uniform load the direction we need to select local we put the value minus 34 and the direction of this is vertical so I'm going to go to the top applying for the vertical one and we need also to put the the horizontal one for the horizontal we need to change the the load type to trapezoid load local Z Direction and then here we put one then Min - 31 and minus - 18 then I hit here the first load and then second then first Lo and then second load here that's the the case for this one so we can go to the last water pressure in the vertical Direction the water pressure in the vertical Direction it's a uniform load acting in the Locos Direction and the value is minus 15 and we need to select the node of this one by clicking on the top slab here and here and the value for the horizonal the horizontal water pressure we need to select the trapezoid the load here we change the local we change the direction to local Z and then we input the value is one the first value is minus 43 minus 17 and then we select the node and then we click on this area this node and this one and then this this node and this one so this is how we Define the load so after defining the load you can check if the load are are are applied very very well you can go to the work tree and check the different load that we defined the first load is this one you go to the web tree and you can right click on the load and click display so the first one is is true for the horizontal it's minus 5 that's true then for for the Earth pressure in vertical direction we have okay 40 47 and in the horizontal direction we have this is one we we we need to change this this area it's not good this one should be 50 and and here we have 25.6 so we need to modify here by going to line and we have to select the Eep e it's a trapz with the load but we need to select a replace and the local Z direction we need to put here one and then minus 5035 and then minus 25 65 then we need to select the node here and here that's the the real value for that so we can go again to the to the tree can close this this window go to the tree to check the value of EP okay these are the value that they are true then we can check EPV VW okay that's the real value and then the other one for horizontal Direction okay and the last one for the water pressure the water pressure in vertical Direction okay we forgot one load here for The Boy The Boy and see we need to add it so we go to load line and then we select water pressure verticle we need to add we don't need to replace and it's a uniform load so when you have a lot of loading condition yeah we need to be very careful so the design is really simple it's it's going to to take lesser than 5 minutes so don't worry about this step this step is most important so I'm going to do it carefully because there are numbers a lot of numbers so try to understand this one we have we have to apply the the Bon so we need to select the local Z we need to to add the the load and then put here one 0 one the value is is 40 40 five after putting the value then we can select the the node where we going to apply it here and here yes that's the load applied here that's we forgot so we can go again to the to the work tree then we can check the value display okay and then the last one in horizontal Direction okay that's all the load condition we we Define very well and we need to save the file like that the other one it's about the it's about the boundary condition the boundary condition has told you that it's a spring and the value of the spring I showed you so for we are going to use the compress compression only spring so we go to boundary and then Define support we going to select the the spring Point spring support then we are going to use the compression only spring so this is the place we're going to inut the stiffness and the stiffness should be in in DZ minus when I was explaining where to apply the load this is how to apply the the load on the spring I don't know if you remember so I'm going to to select the first node I can put the number so you can see it very well going to select the first node and the last one they have the same value that's why I select them like that so the value of the stiffness we get is 41 49.3 then I have to click on apply then for number two and 12 they have also the same number we have 98 44.5 and apply number three and number 11 is not clear number 11 they have the same value it's 141 0.5 fly then number five 6 7 8 9 they have the same value as the previous one then I can hit apply but as you see that this structure it has only vertical reaction and all the the reaction are parallel so when the reaction or are parallel the the structure is not it's instable so to make it stable we need to specify uh the other boundary condition here we we need to constraint one node here in X direction we need to use the the support and then we constraint this the first node in X Direction so the structure will be stable so I select this first node and this value here and then I hit I constrain only this node in X Direction so the structure can be we so we can get a good answer not a singularity so we have the boundary condition and all the load so we can run the the model by clicking on run here so you can see that the the problem uh there's some problem that occurs let me check the the result here okay let me explain using this these results here after defining the the load we can run the analysis like this and then we can check the the the result so the total solution time is 40 uh 14 .5 seconds so we can check the result in result Tab and then check the reaction we can check Z FZ Direction then we click on apply so where the arrow is in red it means the maximum to check that value can click on value and the software will show you the the value so to check the bending moment because it's the most important you click on force and then beam diagram and then select my then if you want to check the value check value the the de shape or the undeformed shape then you can click on apply this is the the bending moment related to to the dead load so let me let me get delete the value so because it's not clear you can you can increase the the scale factor to five then you can check the result very clearly and if you want to check the value also the value L there too much then you can check only the diagram like this and about the the water pressure in the horizontal Direction okay you can check the beam uh the the bending moment diagram like that so to define the the load combination you need to go to result and then load combination you need to specify them like that and then you go to concrete design because I already defined the the loading combination so I can I can delete all of this then I can explain how I get this you can click on the spreadsheet form to check the the coefficient I use for the strength the ultimate strength design so for the dead load I use 1.2 you need to input it manually here 1.2 and for the live load it's 1.6 and where where we don't have any value it's it's zero and after inputting the value as I showed you in that table in the PPT file you need to copy those those table and paste it in this table in my D so after pasting this table then it means that we have defined the the load combination so in order to have the design load combination in my civil provide the other another technique to make the the addition of the load combination we can go to load and using load combination you can click in this on this icon then you you have the load that you you define here so after having this load here you can select the load that you are going to to add together okay let me explain slowly so you can understand what I'm doing before I told you that okay I can I can delete this result so I can explain very well before I told you that when you applying the load on the spring the compression spring I told you that you need to to be careful about the the direction you applying the load so you need to go when you go to okay if you want to check the the load can go to the work tree and check W for this case here we we had load applied here for 13 15 and and 45 but when you you make the design load here you need to make sure that you don't have a minus sign when you have a big a big value a negative value when you you make the addition of the top and the bottom load for the the boy and explaining the the PPT file So to avoid that mistake you need to go to load and using load combination then you select the load you are going to to make them in one one condition like this after selecting the load the load that you you specify for the combination then you can read this one load case and design combination name so the design comination name it are going to start by n as I did this before I will show the result if I click on apply then this uh this will be affected by n the load combination affected by N means that is the the addition of all the applied load so let me show you those when you click on apply you can realize that for the end you USD before we had only USD ultimate strength design but when we have n like that it means that we we have we have add all the load combination that we have let me go to the load combination then I can show you result load combination concrete design spreadsheet so when I have this this value like that to make this this combination as one load that's the of n the N means for the design the design load replacing using the the factor that you use when you are specifying the the load Factor so when you you you add all the the load Factor based on the direction of each load then you can make the design the design very well the other question when you use uh this result like that okay let me go to the concrete design you need also to specify the the envelope because we need to have the the load that we are going to use in the design so we need the envelope for the envelope it means that we're going to combine all the node together and make them as one envelope to to look for the maximum bending moment so to do that you have to Define another load here another load combination starting by E it means envelope then we are going to take the strength in for for the design and then we are going to select envelope this one is for the case we have these eight different load here the USD one envelope for all the ultimate strength design and then one envelope C for the serviceability so to check the diagram you can go to the result result and then because I delete the the solution we need to run again the the model to have the those curve so after running then I'm going to explain a little bit about the design is going to be faster so to check those envelope to show the maximum bending moment of the envelope you go to result and then Force beam diagram then you select the the envelope load called C CB combination all or USD n USD and then you select the my for the bending and we can increase the scale factor to five and we can check the deform and UND deform shape and the then we can hit apply so this is the the first cave here it shows the the maximum bending for all the the load combination we did and the minimum value for the bending is that so you can check even the value like because there are a lot of value so we can we can get rid of the value so you can check the value the maximum value you can check the section when we have the the big value at this corner of the the back so to have this shape that's why we we change the the local the global access to the local the local Z axis in order to get a good result like this if you don't change the direction of the local axis yeah you will not get this shape and this as you can see that is the good result to to have when you're analyzing the back scal in So for the design we go to design tab because I have a Korean version It's M mods but in the the version International Version it's written here design so we are going to use Euro code to make the design of the the top slab and the wall of the back scet so I'm going to select here there are other other code you can select from here but today I'm going to use Euro code and we are going to design the the back scal so we select the design Cod is to record the national Annex we select Italy the moment distribution factor is one and we are going to design the the the slab as sing singly reinforc B and for the column design we are going to use this Axel Lo plus by axle bending for the Str angle for the share we take 45° and then we click apply then we continue specifying the parameter then for the safety factor for the material if you want to update by using the code you can click here then the this value can be updated according to the code but if you don't want to update you just leave the way they and then you click okay so if we can continue we can modify concrete material so when we we say modify you have to select the material and specify the code you're going to use for the material the strength the compression strength you're going to use and then the the rear code you're going to select from I use enrc it's one of the Euro Cod I select the rear having 500 m PA and the sub re also select the same value but you have to change this value when you're doing your design for the the sub re if you want and the unit I have is kilon MM Square you can change that value whenever you have whenever you want sorry and then you click modify then after you click modify then you can close the the tab then after modifying the material you go to Li limiting rebar ratio you go to limiting rebar ratio you have to design the the column and the brace design like this you can place this a 0.04 for the column and for the bracing because we don't have any bracing so we don't need to put it like that and if you have shell element then you can use also this element but for now we don't have those elements in the model so it doesn't doesn't it means nothing so for the serviceability parameter also we need to specify the exposure class and you record there are a lot of cases for the exposure class so you need to select the exposure that fits with your you model and then you you select the stress parameter K1 K2 K3 K4 but as we don't have a lot of time we use just the default value and then you have to specify the the crack control how you are going to control the crack of the the concrete then you can specify also the k the deflection because the permanent deflection control so I use the default value so you need first to select the the slab the beam we are going to to check then you are going to hit on apply in order to apply this value for for this for the beam element then you click apply after clicking apply then you go to beam section data for design so you can design the beam so you need to select the the section and then you specify the value the value of the the the stup data and then the number you're going to use and these are the concrete cover you can check this this picture then you can specify the concrete cover from the the top and this one is a concrete cover from the the bottom so after specifying this data you can go also to the upper slab using but I use the same data for up and and lower slab after specifying this data then you click on ADD and replace then you close when you specify those data then you go to concrete design concrete code design then you click on beam design then the software will Design all the beam all the beam for the upper slab and the bottom slab so as you can see that all the member and the section is passed you can check the detail the graphic report and the detail report here by clicking on if I click on an interface to select the section and click on graphic then in the graphic detail the graphic report we you're are going to you're going to see the the amount of the respon the reinforcement you can use in the design for your section the bending moment capacity and uh the share capacity for the detail report then you can have the software open directly Microsoft Word when you you click on the report let me show you Microsoft I don't know if you when I click on the detail report so the software give me the detail report the calculation all the calculation I did for the design and you have all the parameter you need in the design this is how you can you can generate the report in my Des C easily so we can go we can go again to does c so when you click on detail here the software open directly the the file for microsoftw to generate the report for the column it's the same procedure is not that difficult you go for design and then you have to specify all the the first step that we we do the first second third and fourth then you go to to column column section data for design you have to specify the data for column so the the software when you have a veral member the software consider it as a column that's why it consider the wall of the Cal as column so for the horizonal member the software consider them as beam so that's why when we design beam it selects only the horizontal section we have for the beam the beam element we have in horizontal Direction so these are the data used to design the the wall of the C we have the concrete C of 80 85 mm and the ties I defined them as D2 32 and their number is 20 after defining this parameter then I hit on ADD and replace and then I close the window and then I go to concrete code design and then I click column design okay so you can see that all the member also they they pass to check if there are some NG you can select here so you can see there's no no ENT in the design all the section is passed so to check the graphic report you click on graphic and then they give you uh the PM interaction diagram also you can check it their value here and the share forse resistance check so this is how you can you can check the different report even for column if you hit on detail so the software will bring you to Microsoft Word having all the the detail of the design you need I didn't show you the sheare the share result the share result also we can see it in result force and then go to B them then you can you can select FZ then you hit on on that then you can see the sheare for the the maximum share and the Min minimum share of the the envelope the Max and the minimum of the share you see that we have two two diagram two lines two lines for the first line is for the maximum and the second one is four the minimum share so I don't know if you can have some question I can open mic I can see Peter Mr petero I don't know if you can you can speak I can see also engineer yeah it's Nathan can I speak I can hear you yeah like I have like one question so far okay is there is there a way to automatically dispers the traffic load through the field in the miners yeah yeah I didn't use that that option about the the moving load because I'm preparing another another webinar that we are going to use the the moving load in okay let me show you where we have those those application about the moving load in so you see in load menu yes okay you have moving load here hold on is it my net okay okay I'm seeing your is your C at the M design okay when you select moving load here you need to specify the code you are going to use for the track you're going to to use on the structure okay so when you select the the the code I can select as code for example then when you select the code like this then you can you can specify the traffic line L sorry C if I'm to cut it short like on my side the screen is not changing at all like maybe I'm having a lag in the screen movement I'm still on column section data for design you don't you don't see my screen my screen is is I see your screen but it's stuck at column section data for design really they those uh those window I close them I don't have any any window for design right now because I closed every every window for the design detail yeah maybe you proceed I'll check it out in the recording in case my recording will be up to date with the screen but I can listen to you you can proceed okay let me let me check if it's hello uh on it could be it could be a network issue maybe on my side because I'm stuck on column section data for design it could be on my side so maybe I'll refer to the recording uh okay when I finish the recording then then I will send you the video in the in the coming days after editing so in in in the load menu you have a moving load I didn't use this this because I I'm going to prepare the the other the other webinar relating on the moving load on Cal bridge but the way I use the the the moving load it's the the simplest way to use them but in my D Civ we have this this moving load application and that we can Define the lanes and the traffic oface lens depending on the elements you use in the model so when you use the frame or the beam element you have to specify the traffic line lane using this the traffic line lane function here but when you use plate element you need to specify the lens using the traffic surface lens and after specifying this depending on the elements you you use in your model then you can specify the vehicle and for the vehicle you can select the standard vehicle or you can add the user defined vehicle so for this for the moving load information I'm going to make another another webinar only for moving load and SI make design of RC Cal in the coming months I don't know if another person has another question kindly if I may add on on that just kindly last one last more Point yeah I think you did get me well like my point of concern of the moving Lord was on the dispersion of the Lord maybe in another webinar you're going to enlight on that on the dispassion of the Lord thank you okay I I will I I will prepare the webinar explaining all all about the moving load in my and the influence learn how to you can visualize them using my it's possible to check all the data related on the moving load might another question please hello hi yes so I only have one question uh is it possible for us to get a recording of this webinar for maybe future review I understand maybe this could have been discussed there was a moment that I had to because I am actually a civil engineer on site so there was a moment that I had to be disconnected from this uh webinar to attend to site issues so I was curious is it possible for us to get a recording of the webinar thank you yes it's possible so from tomorrow I'm going to edit the video and after editing I will send the video to you all right thanks name uh sure should I uh maybe send it via the question Board of this app or maybe I just uh send it to you via LinkedIn which is easier okay you can use my my email then my email okay can I have it so so I you you have my email right uh Al I don't I only have your LinkedIn maybe is that would that be convenient okay you can you can send me message on LinkedIn okay okay all right thank you thank you okay thank you so if the other people have any question please ask the question and for your information I can say that for those for those who has participated in this webinar if they want to to have the product of my D they can have the discount of 30% so for those who want to use my civil and want more training they can have discount price if they buy the software okay if there is no another question then I can say that thank you for for your attendance and I hope that we are going to make another session in the coming months about the moving load in my so you can learn a little bit more about designing the uh the bridge using my Des civil so for sure you don't have any other question related to training because I think that you you want to know more about my D Civ is there someone who want to be trained using this software so thank you and see you next time I'm going to communicate with you by email and I can call you also is I have your phone numbers here is there any question no there's no question okay thank you for attendance so I will call you and send you emails in the coming days thank you very much okay thank you thank you thank you very much see you next time okay [Music]