Evangelical Revival of 1739 and Development of Methodism

Introduction to the Evangelical Revival

Fetter Lane Society: Originated from meetings at James Hutton's home, gained momentum when George Whitefield returned from America in December 1738.
Whitfield's Return: Left America on September 9, 1738, and returned to London.
Event: On New Year’s Eve 1739, the Holy Spirit moved at a gathering, as noted in John Wesley's journal.
Manifestations: Marked by outpouring of the Holy Spirit, people falling to the ground, and praises to God.

Leadership: Became a leading figure in the revival.
Field Preaching: Established bases such as Bristol, preaching to coal miners.
Widespread Impact: His ministry extended to London, other parts of England, and North American colonies, contributing to the First Great Awakening.
Encounter with Benjamin Franklin: Franklin noted the enormous influence of Whitefield's oratory.

Began field preaching in April 1739, initially unconventional.
Significant Event: Preached to 3,000 people in Bristol, an event pivotal in his ministry.

Engaged in field preaching; witnessed and noted by observers for fervency and impact.

Manifestations: Common occurrences included people falling, convulsions, shouting, and groaning during meetings.
Wesley’s Interpretation: Viewed these as tokens of God’s presence, not opposed to these phenomena.

Detractors: Critiqued as enthusiasm or fanaticism.
Art and Cartoons: Depicted Methodists negatively, such as Hogarth’s engravings.

Wesley’s understanding of salvation became more dynamic, influenced by the Holy Spirit’s perceived activity.
Central Role: Holy Spirit became integral in Wesley’s theology, connecting conversion and holiness.

The revival demonstrated a significant movement of the Holy Spirit with large-scale societal impact, forming the backbone of Methodism and contributing to John Wesley's theological developments.