[Music] hello class welcome to the contemporary world subject last meeting we talk about the imaginary and physical divisions of the world we were able to differentiate the characteristics of global north and global south we also discussed the first second and the third world division in today's discussion we will focus on asian regionalism this is going to be a short discussion langna man so for the meantime let's set aside the other continents of the world let's just focus our mind on asian continent so let's start this discussion by defining regionalism what do we mean by regional islam regionalism is a political ideology that favors a specific region over a greater area and it usually happened because of political separations religion geography cultural boundaries linguistic regions and managerial divisions in short it's the economic operation and economic arrangements of group of countries aimed at facilitating or enhancing regional integration what's the difference of regionalization and globalization i assume that you are already familiar with the definition of globalization since this was the first lesson we have discussed in prelim and it's the first word you have encountered in the subject the contemporary world so when we say regionalization it's a process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions okay it's the division of area okay and then when we say globalization it's a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together so basically being an athens globalization there is interconnectedness of people okay there is interrelation there is association another concept is regionalism what is regionalism it is the theory or practice of regional rather than central systems of administration of economic cultural or political affiliation basically their goal here is to increase their political power and influence in other regions okay so instead of having a centralized government instead of having centralized administrations originally um designated heads regions okay and we also have regionalization okay when we see regionalization it's the division of a nation into states or provinces now question why countries form regional organizations they form regional organization as a way of coping with the challenges of globalization so the focus of our discussion today is all about asian regional islam so when you say asian regionalism it's a product of economic interaction between asian countries okay so you have to take note that it's not on political planning but rather it's on economic interaction between asian countries okay so when we say asia of course we are referring to the people from asia as a result of successful outward orientation growth strategies of these asian countries asian economies have grown not only richer but also closer together as they say there is unity in diversity familiar example of unity in diversity is the asean or the association of southeast asian nations when we say diversity it means differences okay so why is asia considered the continent of diversity it's because people in asia have different cultures they have different customs and traditions they have different religions and beliefs they have different governments and many more okay so as asia's economies have grown larger and more complex they also have become more integrated okay in what way of course through trade financial flows direct investments and other forms of economic and social exchange in the recent years new technological trends have further strengthened ties among them as have the rise of china and india and the region's growing weight in the global economy however in karon dinan misfortune difficulties and one of the difficulties they have encountered is that the 1997 or 1998 financial crisis dulled a severe setback too much of the region highlighting asia's shared interests and common vulnerabilities and providing an impetus for regional cooperation in the early stages of asia's economic takeoff regional integration proceeded slowly east asian economies focus on exporting to develop country markets so take note of this uh they just focus on exporting of their goods and services rather than selling to each other initially they specialize in simple labor-intensive manufacturers the japanese economist akamatsu in 1962 famously compared this pattern of development to flying guests okay so in this model economists move information not because they were directly linked to each other but because they followed similar paths so since this development parts hinged on sequential and sometimes competing they did not initially yield strong economic links within asia itself now asian economies are becoming closely intertwined so when we say intertwined mankind you have to take note that this is not because the region's development strategy has changed it still remains predominantly non-discriminatory and outward oriented what then is the reason behind this interdependence is deepening because asia's economies have grown large and prosperous enough to become important to each other and because their patterns of production increasingly depend on networks that span several asian economies and involve wide-ranging exchanges of parts and components among them next concept we have regionalization versus globalization so in a defining okay it's the process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions example is the division of nation into provinces and a good example of this is the business they use regionalization as a total in management on the other hand we have globalization so we have defined this term for many times already again globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views products ideas and other aspects such as technology and many more okay so let's try to compare regionalization versus globalization terms of nature as to nature globalization promotes the integration of economics across state borders all around the world but regionalization is precisely the opposite because it is dividing an area into smaller segments okay so being a native before is a globalization it is borderless okay as to market regionalization and globalization globalization allows many companies to trade on international level so it allows free market therefore is a globalization meron free market natina tawag but in a regionalized system monopolies are likely to develop okay so when we say monopolies in economics a monopoly is a single seller okay so goods or services there is no competition as to cultural and societal relations globalization accelerate to multiculturalism by free and inexpensive movement of people but regionalization does not support this okay so when we say multiculturalism it's the view that cultures races and ethnicities particularly those of minority groups deserve special acknowledgement of their differences within a dominant political culture okay na kabalita renamansa regionalization hindi nila in acknowledge your multiculturalism as globalized international community is also more willing to come to the aid of a country stricken by a natural disaster but a regionalized system does not get involved in the affairs of other areas okay so globalizing them and also globalization um they are willing to help by the syllabus now financial aid okay particularly next offer or globalization has driven great advances in technology but advanced technology is rarely available in one country or region therefore is a globalization there is already advancement of technology perosa regionalization okay moving on to the factors leading to the greater integration of the asian regions okay so regional integration is a process in which neighboring states enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules so basically it's a regional integration it's a process by which two or more countries agree to cooperate and work closely together to achieve peace stability and wealth okay the objectives of the agreement could range from economic to political to environmental although it has typically taken the form of a political economy initiative so in this partnerman commercial interests are the focus for achieving broader social political and security objectives okay so regional integration has been organized either via supranational institutional structures or through intergovernmental decision making or a combination of both so how do we define supranational institutional a supranational organization is an administrative structure that goes beyond the boundaries of states it is a multinational union or association in which member countries seed authority and sovereignty or simply means they surrender their power and sovereignty on at least some internal matters to the group whose decisions are binding on its members on the other hand when we say intergovernmental or intergovernmentalism it refers to arrangements whereby the nations or the countries in any situations and conditions they can control they can make decisions and cooperate with one another on matters of common interest so past efforts of regional integration have often focused on removing barriers to free trade in the region and they also increase the free movement of people labor goods and capital across national borders they also reduce the possibility of regional armed conflict and adopting cohesive regional instances on policy issues such as the environment climate change and migration so these are the uh actions done by the regional integration okay okay so we have this term intra-regional trade what does it mean intra-regional trade refers to trade which focuses on economic exchange primarily between countries of the same region or economic zone okay so basically there is trade or pakistan between countries of the same region for example south east asia philippines okay so in the recent years countries within economic trade regimes such as asean in southeast asia for example have increased the level of trade and commodity exchange between themselves which reduces the inflation and tariff barriers associated with foreign markets resulting in growing prosperity so what is asean when we say asean it stands for association of southeast asian nations and it is a regional grouping that promotes economic political and security cooperation among its 10 members anu bansa we have brunei cambodia indonesia lao malaysia myanmar philippines singapore thailand and vietnam question what is the purpose of asean asean's purpose is to promote economic and cultural exchange among its member countries maintain peace and stability in southeast asia and establish relationships with foreign powers with similar aims okay so that explains our lecture in asian regionalism so because in you this is gonna be a short discussion now i hope you have learned new something today thanks so much for joining our today's session again this is sir marvin telling you that you should never stop learning because life never stops teaching have a great day ahead thank you so much and goodbye see you next time [Music]