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After the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate, under whose control did the Abbasid Caliphs continue to exist as figureheads?
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Under the control of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt and later the Ottoman Empire.
What major battle in 751 ensured Abbasid dominance in Central Asia?
The Battle of Talas against the Chinese Tang Dynasty.
Describe the significance of the House of Wisdom.
It was a major center for translations and original works in various fields of knowledge.
Who was Al-Khwarizmi and what was his contribution to the Islamic Golden Age?
Al-Khwarizmi was a scholar known as the Father of Algebra.
Who led the revolt symbolized by the Black Banner in 747 AD?
Abu Muslim.
Name one of the rival dynasties that emerged during the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate.
The Tulunids in Egypt or the Saffarids in Persia.
What major event in 750 AD marked the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate?
The victory at the Battle of Zab River and the defeat of Marwan II.
What major architectural project in Abbasid-era Samarra contributed to its political and military unrest?
The construction of garrisons for Turkish soldiers.
What role did the Battle of Karbala play in the division within the Islamic community?
The defeat of Husayn led to the birth of the Shiite branch of Islam.
How did the Abbasid Caliphate contribute to trade along the Silk Road?
They facilitated and relied on trade along the Silk Road, promoting economic and cultural exchange.
Why did the Umayyad Caliphate become unpopular leading up to the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate?
Due to heavy taxation and discrimination against non-Muslims (Dhimmi) and converted Muslims (Mawali).
What impact did the assassination of Caliph Al-Mutawakil in 861 have on the Abbasid Caliphate?
It initiated the Decade of Anarchy, characterized by political instability and power struggles.
What event in 1258 marked the downfall of the Abbasid Caliphate?
The Mongol destruction of Baghdad and the killing of Caliph Al-Musta’sim.
What significant cultural and scholarly institution was established in Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate?
The House of Wisdom.
What role did Mamluks play in the Abbasid Caliphate?
They were Turkish slave soldiers who served as an elite military force.
In which year was the city of Baghdad established as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate?
762 AD.
What is a key reason for the Abbasid Caliphate's military dominance during its peak?
The introduction and utilization of Turkish slave soldiers (Mamluks) as an elite military force.
Who was Al-Kindi and what area did he contribute to during the Abbasid Golden Age?
Al-Kindi was a philosopher who made significant contributions to Islamic philosophy.
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