so we had just finished talking about variance factors and how we can actually use these variance factors to our advantage to help us identify organisms in the lab and so we are going to be looking at these virulence vectors that will help us identify different staff and strep species and since we have so much staff and strep on us um I wanted to take a moment to just kind of introduce some of these diseases and some of these organisms that we will be seeing in lab so there are some upper respiratory tract infections that can actually be caused by things like staff epidermitis that we affectionately call staf Epi staff orus and then corini bacteria which unfortunately we're not going to be seeing in lab so fitis this is caused by uh streptococus so if you have a strep throat this can be spread from person to person um people usually get chills fever headache very sore throat almost feels like pins and needles in the throat and of course it's diagnosed through that dreaded throat culture where they take that swab and basically you know try to swab your toes from your throat um to try to get a sample um I know that when my kids have had strep throat it's also been accompanied by stomach aches so anytime that my son complained about a really bad sore throat and a stomach ache I said n you know what maybe we better go to the doctor and and have a strep check sinusitis sinus infections can be caused by a number of different organisms um Step forus strep pneumonia strep pyogenes um so when you get that lack lack of drainage and everything is just kind of compacted that's going to be a good environment for bacteria to flourish um and so usually people will have to go on antibiotics my son when he was younger was very prone to sinus infection so he was on antibiotics a lot trying to treat them bronchitis so this can also be caused by some different um organisms like strep pneumonia um and staff again if it spreads to the lungs remember that's when now we term it pneumonia so there can also be some skin diseases that are caused by staff and strep um so pyoderma so this can be caused by staff strep or corini bacteria so things like empo that kids can get this is highly contagious I'll show you a picture so that you can see this um it can be treated with antibiotics staff can cause a number of um skin disorders like a pimple a sty so if you've ever gotten that little bump at the B base of your eyelash it feels like a boulder but even though it's very very small that can be caused by staff an ABS this is going to be much larger a fur uncle or a boil this is going to be an external abscess I'll be talking a little bit about when I got the chickenpox as we talk about the progression of disease and when I went originally to a hospital they they misdiagnosed me and I was talking about this chicken poock that I didn't know at the time uh what that was and I was asking what is this thing and he said oh that's what we call a hairy uncle and I was like what on Earth is a hairy Uncle I think what he was talking about was his fur Uncle um where he thought it was an external abscess yeah wrong it was actually the chickenpox carbunkle these are going to be massive skin lesions and scaled Skin Syndrome which can be very serious um this is actually caused by these exotoxins produced by particular strains of storus this can be common in infants it can produce really high fever and it can be very very serious so I do have some pictures here where you can see um each of these these different skin lesions some other staff and strep diseases strep agalactia is also known as grp B strep that we will be seeing in lab this is a particular concern for pregnant women so pregnant women are usually checked around 37 weeks right before delivery because if they test positive for this and the baby is born it can lead to certain complications like menitis and pneumonia um so when I was pregnant with my son they tested me for Group B strep and I was positive so I had to go on antibiotics before he was born stre pyogenes talked a little bit about that with strep Thro it can also cause scarlet fever now this isn't all strains of strep pyogenes this is a particular strain that's been infected with a temperate phase that allows them to produce this toxin um which is responsible for for scarlet fever so I have known friends who had kids who there child had strep throat and then it ended up into scarlet fever of course we can treat this with antibi iotics I know I'm aging Myself by saying this but my first um introduction to scarlet fever was watching Little House on the Prairie and I told you that my mother was a nurse and so growing up she thought I had everything under the sun and I remember this one time I was sick and I had a rash and she thought that it was scarlet fever I was scared because what I remember was what I saw at Little House in the prairie and I was like people die from that so fortunately we have antibiotics that treat it I did not have scarlet fever but I know I'm aging Myself by by saying that that was my first introduction to to strep pyogenes um so strep pneumonia can cause pneumonia and menitis menitis is the inflammation of the menes that can put a lot of pressure on the brain this is a very very serious disease especially um if it's caused by a bacteria um and this is one of those things that um you could be fine 1 minute and then 48 hours later you could be dead um recently um somebody was telling me about a friend of theirs who had menitis and it was actually caused by a um sinus infection that had basically gone up and infected the menes they were very very fortunate that they were able to rec recover but they spent weeks in the hospital and basically had to relearn everything like how to walk so very very serious illness and then staff orus we have a lot of staff orus on us um there is one particular strain um Mera which is drug resistant that we are mostly concerned about um as I've said it's not summer in our house unless somebody gets cellulitis um One Summer my husband got cellulitis and they were pretty sure that that it was actually caused by Mera so he was on some heavy duty drugs like Vancomycin in the hospital for a couple of weeks another disease which is caused by a particular strain of staff orus is toxic shock syndrome um and this is only infection with certain strains um we usually hear about toxic shock syndrome uh warnings come on on tampon boxes and so they say you know if those abrasive tampons are left in for a long period of time now conditions for that bacteria to flourish um some women may have this particular strain among their normal microflora only a fraction of these organisms will cause toxic shock syndrome males can also get toxic shock syndrome um but we mostly see um warning signs on on tampon boxes so in lab we will actually be working with um staff and strep organisms and identifying them