doggy i'm thirsty yo beasty grab me a liter of soda you gossip bruh in this household if you are thirsty you can drink a gallon of milk whoa take it easy it is only the fizzy drink my problem isn't the soda it's the leaders uh here's that leaders are the worst takes you for example we're leaders leaders that's on the unit of measurement what you don't want us measuring things now oh measure all you want but leaders belong to the metric system we only use the imperial system in this tower [Music] side with that dirty darth vader nah bro the imperial system has nothing to do with darth vader but everything to do with america if you love freedom you must reject the metric system give us several reasons why the metric system uses numbers and shared prefixes to describe measurements milligram centigram kilogram it's all the same now the far superior imperial system uses random objects such as a foot or a yard which gives measurements individuality and individuality is the very definition of what it means to be a freedom-loving american you know scientists say the metric system is superior and ain't nobody smarter than a scientist never has a scientist you haven't seen any scientists have you tell me tell me i don't see no scientists bro good very good scientists want to convert the entire world to the metric system and they will stop at nothing nothing to achieve their goal you make the scientist person sound as though they are the evil secret society that's exactly what they are if you see any scientists squash them like the cockroaches they are okay crazy you still haven't convinced me the imperial system is better than the metric system no then this will there is one activity where imperial outshines metric baking [Music] all right well you're gonna hear from one of those evil scientists right now because my goal is indeed to convert you all to use of the s i system now the s i system is a derivation of the metric system the metric system is what you would use in your everyday life if you were in a european country or really any country other than the united states scientists however use something known as this si system or the system day international and there's so there's some slight differences between the metric system but both the metric system and the s i system are based on making larger or smaller units by multiplying by powers of 10 and then using prefixes to represent the power of 10 you're multiplying by i think the one that we're most familiar with in our everyday life is the meter most people recognize that a meter is a unit of length that's a little bit longer than a yard well if i wanted to make a unit of length that's longer than a meter i could multiply by a thousand so i have a thousand meters i would name this unit that's a thousand times larger than a meter a kilo meter where that prefix kilo represents the power i'm multiplying my base unit by since i'm multiplying by a thousand i'd use the prefix kilo now rather than write out the whole unit of course there's an abbreviation for it and whenever we have that prefix kilo we can represent it with a lowercase k so we could say a thousand meters is a kilometer or kilometer either one's fine we can also make units that are smaller than a meter for example most of you are probably familiar with the concept of a centimeter if i wanted to divide a meter by 100 in order to make a unit and when you divide by a power of 10 that's a negative power of 10 right so dividing by 100 would be 10 to the negative 2. so if i wanted to have a unit that's a hundredth of a meters it would be a senti meter where that prefix sent i that lowercase c represents a multiplication of 10 to the negative two times our base unit the great thing about the metric system is that these prefixes are the same no matter what you're measuring whether you're measuring energy whether you're measuring length whether you're measuring volume whether you're measuring mass these prefixes are always going to represent the same powers of 10 which makes the conversion process between units really really easy now if you've not encountered if you've not encountered the si system before you may need to memorize these prefixes if you haven't memorized these prefixes before you need to memorize these prefixes now i have this chart so that arranged so that whenever you're multiplying by a unit it's located up here and whenever you're dividing by a unit it's located down here let's take a quick glance through this list let's start by just locating our base unit everybody likes meters so we'll stick with meters if we're measuring length our unit without the prefix would be the meter and if we wanted to make a unit that was a billion meters in other words i've got 10 to the ninth meters as my unit i could rewrite that billion meters unit as a giga meter or capital g and this is one that's easy to remember because everybody's seen an episode of family guy and know that quagmire's favorite unit is giga everybody write down quagmire then we have mega mega is a million again easy to remember because everybody's seen the kentucky lottery advertising campaigns and we know that we're all going to play mega millions actually none of you are going to play mega millions because you all understand statistics but if i wanted to have a unit that was a million or 10 to the sixth meters large i would refer to it as a mega meter capital m capital and lower case are oh so important when it comes to the metric system and chemistry in general there is a unit that's represented by a lower case letter m that we're going to get to in a second so capital m is mega lowercase m is going to be mili so pay attention to those capitalizations also notice what the metric system is doing or the si system is doing it's replacing or renaming this power of 10 using a prefix that's all there is to it you need to memorize the prefix the symbol and the power of 10 it represents real quickly let's go down here we already did sentai let's take a look at mili that other m unit if i wanted to make a unit that was a thousandth of a meter or 10 to the negative third of a meter i would use the prefix milli so a thousandth of a meter is the same thing as a millimeter you need to memorize these prefixes and their powers of 10. some of you are saying that you memorize these a slightly different way when you're working with them in high school that's fine i never want to change anything you know however i will tell you this if you memorize it my way if you'll let me go all frank sinatra on you it will avoid mistakes later on also let me say for those of you who are taking this class online a lot of you are going to say well i'm taking this class online so i don't really need to memorize it yes you do your exams are going to be timed if you're having to look up every prefix when you do your homework you're never going to make it through an exam these prefixes aren't just something that you're going to learn for this first exam and they're going to disappear unit conversions will be required of you on every single test not just for the rest of the semester but for the rest of your life unless you change your major unit conversions are fundamental in science because there is an unbreakable law of science that no matter what instrument you're using is not going to give you the your data in the unit that you're needing for your calculation so unit conversions are just something you have to be aware of one last one before we go through before we um wrap up our talk here uh let's go through them all we've done kilo deca easy to remember how many years are there in a decade 10 right so multiplying by 10 is deca dividing by 10 is deci dying we divide the dollar and 10 into tenths and we call it a dime we divide a metric unit by 10 it's a deci we divide a dollar by 100 and we call it a cent so we divide a unit by 100 and we call it a centai here's a new one micro a millionth 10 to the negative six it does not have an arabic um symbol instead it has the greek letter mu then we have nano n9 those are easy to remember right i'll begin with the letter n nano n negative nine pico ten to the negative twelve and then femto f and fifteen all begin with the letter f negative 15 just to make sure we're clear you're responsible for memorizing all of these prefixes one other quick thing before we leave the the metric system let's go over those base units real quickly and this is where we see the difference between the si system and the metric system in the metric system and the si system the base unit for length is both the meter no problem there time same thing s i system and metric system both have seconds as their base unit what do i mean by base unit i mean if i'm going to make a derived unit all derived units in the metric system or the si system are made from these base units the first difference is in terms of mass the s i unit of mass is a kilogram in the metric system it's just a gram temperature it's kelvin's metric system it's celsius one other important one volume in the s-i-u system we make all units out of these base units and volume is a derived concept right it's three times the dimension of length therefore rather than have a special unit of volume in the si system the base unit of volume is a cubic meter whereas the metric system that base unit is a leader huge important difference why does this matter this matters for when we look at derived units not just in terms of volume but also in terms of energy energy is a derived unit right mass times acceleration applied over a distance or force over a distance the s i unit of energy is a joule and because a joule is derived from other things it's made from kilograms not grams knowing this is oh so important it will come up lots and lots during the course of the semester a joule is derived from kilograms in the metric system energy is measured in calories calories are a specially created unit of energy for the metric system and they're defined as the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water by one degree celsius so that's a very small amount of energy a gram's about the mass of a paperclip so a calorie is a really really small amount of energy which brings us to something that you should memorize a calorie is such a small amount of energy that your food packages lie to you if you look at the nearest food container to you right now you'll notice that they don't give you lower case calories they give you upper case calories an uppercase calorie is actually a kilocalorie for some reason they don't want the word kill kill oh calorie on food packaging so what they do is they replace that kilo or the k prefix with a capital c so a capital c calorie is a thousand lowercase c calories this is something that you'll be expected to know when you work your homework problems those of you who are going into the health care industry in particular will use this fact on a daily basis why don't you write down cleveland everybody right down cleveland after all the leading medical facilities in the united states are located in cleveland another thing you need to memorize that will come important is the conversion between joules and calories because calories is a made up base unit for the metric system it has a very it has ex an experimentally determined conversion to the si system and it turns out there are 4.184 joules in one lower case c calories that is something you will need to memorize and even though you'll only use it a few times this semester next semester you will use it on a daily basis so make sure that you get that memorized all right that concludes this segment of our discussion you