Transcript for:
Lecture Notes on Several Topics

[Music] you will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear there will be time for you to read the instructions and questions and you will have a chance to check your work all the recordings will be played once only the test is in four sections at the end of the test you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet now turn to section one section one you will hear a telephone conversation between a teacher from the art center and a female student's father about her art courses first you have some time to look at questions one to three you will see that there is is an example which has been done for you on this occasion only the conversation relating to this will be played first good afternoon may I speak to Emma's parent afternoon I'm her father who am I speaking to this is Emma's teacher Jane Carson calling from the Arts Center I'm just calling to talk about her drama class at the center oh thank you for calling how's Emma doing in drama class you know she just transferred here last month unlike the others in her class who have been taking the course the whole semester since June so I'm a bit worried that she might not fit in so well the father says his daughter Emma has been taking the course since last month so C has been circled as the answer now we shall begin you should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time listen carefully and answer questions 1 to three good afternoon may I speak to Emma's parent afternoon I'm her father who am I speaking to this is Emma's teacher Jane Carson calling from the Arts Center I'm just calling to talk about her drama class at the center oh thank you for calling how's Emma doing in drama class you know she just transferred here last month unlike the others in her class who have been taking the course the whole semester since June so I'm a bit worried that she might not fit in so well there's no need to worry she exhibits a strong performance in her drama class is that so yes she didn't adapt to the new environment as quickly as I originally expected and seemed a bit shy at first but a few days later she made a couple of friends and became more talkative and also more involved in class Emma really is a role model for others because she has always been an active participant during class she voices her own ideas and is very creative I didn't expect that but I can tell that she really enjoys the course because she's been talking about it at home frequently these past few weeks that's great to hear interest is always the best teacher I also have to inform you that there's been an adjustment in the timetable of the drama class next term why is that it's not that the music room that we currently use isn't available as there are too many enrolling for the coming semester increased class size means that space is limited to house the whole class also the new classroom we use is not available during the current time frame so I'm afraid we have to change the time for it I see so when would it be as you know the current class begins at 3:15 but the new time of the drama class would be a quter to 5 I'm afraid I have errands to run during that time on the other campus the class still begins at 3:15 but for the campus Emma goes to it is the only time available for drama class oh I see I have to make adjustments to my core schedule then no problem before you hear the rest of the conversation you have some time to look at questions 4 to 10 now listen and answer questions 4 to 10 Miss Carson I'm thinking about signing Emma up for another art course I'm thinking about dance class dance class is a popular course here a great choice for a child to shape up and have fun but unfortunately it is oversubscribed at the moment I have to put you on the waiting list that's too bad what else can I choose from then could you give me some advice sure Emma could take singing class as well this would improve her musicality sounds good when is that it is held every Friday evening that's too bad Emma already has a swimming class earlier that evening it will be too late for her to come home if she takes this course there is also a vocal course available Emma's got a great voice I'm sure she'll stand out in the class tell me about it the vocal call starts at 4:30 p.m. every Tuesday it isn't fully booked yet great teacher experienced and beloved by students the price is a bit higher though how much is it it's $110 oh that's too much way over our budget we have to cover the extra cost if we choose it or maybe Emma could take music class what is it about learning about songs and musicals well the students have the opportunity to play different instruments like the piano drum and so on they can also learn to write music under professional guidance that's exactly what Emma is eager to learn how much would it cost it was $63 last term but this term it is $85 $22 more than the original price we can afford that when does the course begin the course starts on September the 7th can we start one week later on September the 14th my daughter will be on a trip to France with her mom on the 7th no problem and the teacher for the class is Jamal Curtis just contact him if you have any further questions regarding the course Jamal Curtis how do you Curtis oh it's see r t i s thank you that is the end of section one you now have half a minute to check your answers now to turn to section two section two you'll hear a coordinator for the annual Ski and Snowboard exhibition talking to the audience about some practical information for the whole event first you have some time to look at questions 11 to 15 now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 15 good morning everyone and welcome to the annual Ski and Snowboard exhibition held from April the 8th to 17th I am Mary Granger coordinator of the event this year the 10day event features many highlights as a snow Sports lover I know you are looking forward to a great time here now I'd like to offer you some practical information about the whole event and what to expect from it this might be the first time coming here for some of you so for those those who are still wondering about the right accommodation I recommend Sky Hotel it has its own health and sports clubs just like most of the hotels here but I love it because of its incredibly cozy Beds which guarantees good rest after an exhausting day of exploration if you haven't brought your own equipments like poles boots and skis they are available for purchase or rent at ski set or snow rental the exhibition this year provides a colorful look into the history of skiing and an inspiring Peak into the future prospects of the sport apart from the fascinating photo exhibitions and the most up-to-date skiing gear like always this year we have added four computers which can imitate the process of skiing ensuring the same physical activity and Sensations that appear during the skiing process on downhill slopes but I have to warn you that it might be quite timec consuming to l up for the free trial experience many have posed the question as to how to enter the skiing and snowboarding competition well rather than filling out the back of the entrance ticket or bombarding the committee with emails the most effective method is by checking out the exhibition newsletter delivered every month for availability at the most beloved local event the exhibition has also drawn attention from the Press last year massive media coverage was on the worrisome amount of snowfalls in order to avoid the same predicament several artificial skiing slopes have been built with more participants this year we have lowered the entrance fee which has been widely reported to local newspapers a bonus for our participants is the ski program it offers a wide variety of lessons and sessions with qualified instructors ensuring that all ages and abilities are catered to from the first timers to seasoned amateur I strongly advise you to sign up for the program as it is offering an unprecedented 30% discount that's mainly because we are cooperating with the program organizer who promises affordable prices only for the participants of the Festival this year before you hear the rest of the talk you have some time to look at question 16 to 20 now listen and answer questions 16 to 20 now I would like to introduce you to the list of presentations during the following week so that you can better plan your schedule the first presenter Simon is one of our best ski instructors as an experienced instructor he will inform you about the dangers That Face ski and snowboarders accidents happen mostly to those who are careless or ignorant good risk management involves considering both the probability and consequences of an accident the next speech titled solution is given by Jamie Kurt a list of problems may occur to novice ski and snowboarders so he is going to offer useful information for first timers on choosing the appropriate gears the right dress code and ways of protecting your skin for instance some of you may have rented the skiing equipment but rental Footwear is notoriously uncomfortable then Jamie will provide instructions to help make your Footwear fit better the third speech is about a documentary introducing skiing and snowboarding and the difference between the two sports it also depicts a group of snow lovers exploring new slopes with breathtaking views the director Andy Fisher will be there addressing the whole shooting experience the fourth talk is about the tricks of skiing presented by Harry Tyson it is most useful for those who have already tried skiing yet still need more practice to master the sport Harry will teach you how to turn more skillfully a lot of people can keep their skis roughly parallel but no point if you make it hard to work with and slide around out of control useful exercises will also be suggested to improve your parallel skiing technique so that you can tackle steeper slopes and enjoy yourself more Jason Smith will be the last presenter mainly addressing towards Advanced skiers he manages to apply snow climbing into skiing climbing in soft snow you are floundering around walking becomes harder so a good trick during climbing is to maintain a wider gate approximately shoulder width so that you are more stable while walking this works for skiing as well that is the end of section two you now have half a minute to check your answers now turn to section three section three you will hear a student called Jerry discussing a ped gy course with his tutor first you have some time to look at questions 21 to 23 now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 23 Jerry how did it go with preparing your lessons is there anything you would like to discuss well this is actually the first time that I have ever taught in an Elementary classroom after 8 years of learning pedagogy I want to practice what I've learned in an instructive manner but I'm a bit stuck right now know the topic I want them to research is a bit hard for pupils I'm afraid that they won't be able to handle it on their own so I need new ideas on designing more effective teaching methods Mr Carter do you have any suggestions well you should probably read this book called professional learning written by JK Simmons he is a professor who just transferred here last semester but is already popular amongst the students for his creative teaching methods there is an extensive range of learning approaches mentioned in the book including approaches for team research which might be helpful to you you mean dividing the students into groups to do research I've never thought of this before how does it work Professor Simmons has already demonstrated how efficient this approach can be basically it aims to increase cooperation between students students so they can present the results in a collaborative fashion it helps them to develop their own voice and perspective I'll check out the book as soon as possible it seems I can borrow some of the essential Concepts and work them into my course design before you hear the rest of the talk you have some time to look at questions 24 to 30 now listen and answer questions 24 to 30 well I was thinking maybe I could use both observation and non-observation as a part of my teaching methodology could you take a look at my teaching plan sure what kind of observational methods do you have in mind for the observational part I intend to include two approaches first the pupils can assess each other's Behavior I feel that reviewing fellow students through criteria based reference evaluation allows constructive feedback it can also improve their understanding of the subject material that's a smart move for a large class that would be hard to observe all by yourself also you might want to get the feedback from several different individuals rather than just one so how do you plan to carry out the peer assessments oh every people will be required to write a diary which includes group projects presentations and in-class discussions they'll put down their remarks I'll collect them on a regular basis which can also help me see whether they can keep up or not good what else do you intend to do besides that I also plan to do video recording I've already purchased a camera just in case I miss anything important I can go back and review their performances anytime I want would you record every in-class activity no I'll just keep track of an in-class simulation which would require every pupil to fully participate students will act as members of a city council meeting discussing issues like whether or not prohibition should be instated in the United States this kind of teaching method is both inspiring and challenging I can't wait to see how you yours works out do send me a copy of the assessment afterwards will you no problem so what do you have in mind for the non-observational approaches well my plan is to quantify the statistics numbers do not lie it is the most direct way to measure their performance see how well they've learned where does the data come from I'll evaluate the test results including the midterm final exam and pop quizzes Which would only take up about 40% of the overall assessment sounds like a lot of tests and assignments please remember that you don't want to wear out your students keeping them engaged is the key to efficient learning once they are exhausted they just stop trying oh I haven't thought about that you are right I don't want to frighten them with tons of assignments and exams I'll make note of that thanks for the advice I remember last time you mentioned questionnaires right that's true but it is not for my students in fact they have to design their own questionnaires and choose the respondents using the internet as a complement of other teaching activities it would deepen the Creative Learning process is that all oh the pupils will have to conduct interviews of their own and for this they get to choose anyone they like including relatives friends and acquaintances to answer the questions seems to me that you have figured out most of your teaching methods but you're still need to polish some of the activities that is the end of section three you now have half a minute to check your answers now turn to section four section four you will hear part of a lecture about Urban Mig ation first you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40 now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40 good afternoon and welcome to my talk on Urban migration today the world has experienced unprecedented Urban growth in the recent decades as much as 3% of Earth's landmar has been urbanized an increase of at least 50% over previous estimates today people living in cities already outnumber those in rural areas and the trend does not appear to be reversing in addition cities have larger amounts of carbon consumption than rural areas this is a result from two major aspects first with the increase of urban population around the world the massive construction of urban infrastructure and residential housing is hard to avoid second Urban households have a higher rate of car ownership and use more gasoline products even though rural Exodus is often negatively judged there are also benefits of migration shared by the local environment and the society as a whole well firstly Global trends of increasing Urban migration and population urbanization can provide opportunities for nature conservations particularly in regions where deforestation is driven by agriculture as rural dwellers leave their homes local forests are left to recover what's more it is easier for City dwellers to get around living in the country means transport can be very difficult for instance after midnight there are no buses or taxes in the countryside however there is still a number of public transport modes to choose from in the city finally with more funds and advanced technology cities Endeavor to produce clean energy new power plants have been built to take harmful methane gas created by the decomposition of rubbish and converted into electricity by doing so an important greenhouse gas is turned into useful energy rather than being directly emitted into the atmosphere the hustle and bustle of City Life offers women the opportunity to explore different professions and pursue their own careers women in cities work as Engineers managers and even football players this change of roles has affected their marital status and family life more women are choosing their careers over marriage which raises the graph of late marriages as a result more are remaining single well into their late 30s they want to be independent and earn money on their own it is also easier for them to get a promotion while working in the city women are slowly achieving wider participation at work while in rural areas the mindset is still very conservative however cities also change the way that humans interact with each other and the environment often causing multiple problems in general Urban wages are significantly higher so moving to the city is an opportunity to earn what was impossible in rural areas however the wage difference is often offset by the higher cost of living and absence of self-produced goods including substance farming a sizable proportion of new corners attach greater importance to money and gradually abandon their former way of life thus risking losing their culture these new city residents are also faced with another problem according to statistics crime rates are significantly higher in densely populated Urban regions than in rural areas for instance property crime rates in our metropolitan areas are three to four times as high in comparison to the rates in rural communities immigrants upon arrival into cities typically move into the poor blighted neighborhoods because that is where they can afford to live crime in these areas is high and reflects poor living conditions as these neighborhoods experience great levels of poverty this pattern also occurs for violent crimes which is much more common in large urban areas than elsewhere in addition traffic congestion and Industrial manufacturing are prominent features of the urban landscape which take their toll on the natural environment and those who depend on it air pollution from both cars and Factory emissions affect the health of countless Urban residents rural to Urban migration can boost the urban economy with a better economy cities provide their residents with better welfare but the concentration of services and Facilities such as Education Health and technology in urban areas inevitably contributes to greater energy consumption another problem with life in the city is traffic congestion it makes people late to work and thus stresses us out before we even get there deliveries can't arrive on time gas costs money the quality of life of those commuters starts to decline what's worse is that if congestion makes it harder to match the right workers to the best jobs it is economically inefficient as well that is the end of section four you now have a minute to check your answers that is the end of the listening test in the IELTS test you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the answer sheet [Music] oh [Music]