This is the beginning of the Korean Head Start program. Introduction to Korean sounds. The Korean language has its own alphabet, called Hangul, which is a relatively simple writing system. However, to get you started speaking the language right away, learning the Korean alphabet will be postponed until Unit 9, which is optional.
Instead, we will romanize the Korean sounds by writing them in our own alphabet. Many Romanized symbols represent Korean sounds which are similar to those of English. However, there are several which are unique to Korean.
We will practice some letters and combinations of letters with the sounds they represent. First, let's look at the vowels. When you see the letter A, you should pronounce it A, as in father. For example, Aju.
Repeat. Aju. Aju. An E is pronounced A as in bed. For example, sit.
Repeat. Sit. Sit.
The letter I is pronounced E, like the double E in C. For example, E-D. Repeat, E-D, E-D.
When you see an O, you should pronounce it O, like the vowel in born without the R sound. For example, 오십시오. Repeat, 오십시오. A U sounds like the U in rude. For example, kudu.
Repeat, kudu, kudu. When you see A-E, you should pronounce it A, as in cat. For example, teri. Repeat, teri. An O with a bar on top represents the sound of the O in mother.
For example, Repeat. A U with a bar on top is pronounced like the U in put. However, your lips should not be rounded.
For example, repeat. A Y before a vowel combines with the vowel just as it does in English. For example, Y and O together will be pronounced as in repeat A W before a vowel works much the same way. For example, W and A-E will be repeat Now let's look at the consonants. There are basically two types of consonants in the Korean language.
You will see several written with and without apostrophes. Those with apostrophes are pronounced with more emphasis than those that do not have apostrophes. When you see a consonant with an apostrophe, you should force some air out as you say it.
To practice these, try holding your hand in front of your mouth. You should feel the air coming out of your mouth as you say them. For consonants without apostrophes, you do not force air out as you pronounce them. Try holding your hand in front of your mouth as you say them to make sure you're not stressing the sounds. If you don't feel your breath on your hand, you're saying them correctly.
You will also see some double consonants. Since they do not have apostrophes, they are not pronounced by expelling air, but by tensing up the muscles of the tongue and mouth. These will take a little practice, so be sure to listen carefully. Now let's try pronouncing the consonants. A G is pronounced like the G in go.
For example, repeat. A K is pronounced like the one in book, but without expelling any air. For example, kudu. Repeat, kudu, kudu.
If you see a K with an apostrophe, you should pronounce it like the K in kick, with a strong puff of air. For example, choka. Repeat.
chokha A double K does not represent two sounds, but a tenth sound, as in sky. For example, kaji Repeat. kaji A B is pronounced like the one in boy.
For example, repeat. A P is pronounced like the one in top, but without expelling any air. For example, repeat.
A P with an apostrophe is pronounced like the P in pool, with a strong puff of air. For example, repeat. A double P, like a double K, is a tense sound, as in speak. For example, 바쁩니다. Repeat.
바쁩니다. 바쁩니다. When you see a D, you should pronounce it like the D in day.
For example, 어디. Repeat. 어디. 어디. The Korean T sounds like that in bit, but it is pronounced without expelling any air.
For example, repeat. The T with an apostrophe is pronounced like the T in take. but with a strong puff of air.
For example, repeat. A double T is a tense sound, like the T in stay. For example, repeat. 따라.
A J represents the J sound in measure. For example, 언제. Repeat. 언제. 언제.
A CH is pronounced like change, but without expelling any air. For example, Chumal. Repeat. Chumal. Chumal.
A CH with an apostrophe is like the sound in chew, but with a strong puff of air. For example, cha. Repeat. Cha.
Cha. A TCH. combination is one sound, even though it is three letters. It's pronounced like the TCH in pitcher, but more tense. For example, repeat.
The Korean S sounds like the one in say. But the hiss is much weaker. For example, 사람. Repeat.
사람. 사람. The Korean double S sounds more like the English S in song. For example, 쌉니다. Repeat.
쌉니다. When you see an SH, pronounce it just like the SH in she. For example, repeat.
The Korean H sounds just like the English H in hand. For example, hana. Repeat. The consonants M, N, and NG sound like the English M, N, and NG in many, can, and sing.
For example, man, nugu, and soryung. Repeat, man, man, nugu, nugu, soryung, soryung. An L should be pronounced like the first sound of look.
For example, pal, repeat, pal. The Korean R is closer to the R in through than the one in right. For example, repeat.
Play this portion of the tape until you're sure of the Romanized sounds. Then, When you think you're ready, go on to Unit 1, Lesson 1 of the program. This is Unit 1, Lesson 1 of the Korean Head Start program.
Be sure that you have read the objectives for this unit and the English equivalent of the conversation before you continue. As you listen to the conversation, you may wish to follow the Korean text. If you do follow the text, Be sure to practice the conversation once or twice without looking at the text.
In this conversation, Captain Jim Harris meets his Korean friend, Mr. Kim. Listen as they exchange greetings. Kim Sun-saeng-nim, annyeong-ha-shim-ni-ka. Nae, Harris Dae-wi-nim, annyeong-ha-shim-ni-ka. Ore-gan-man-im-ni-da.
Nae, ore-gan-man-im-ni-da. 어떻게 지내십니까? 잘 지냅니다. 요새 바쁘십니까?
별로 안 바쁩니다. Replay the conversation as often as you need to until you are sure of what each line means without looking at your book. You may stop the tape at any time to read the notes on the next page, but remember that the grammar notes are important only if they help you. Learning grammar rules is not an objective of this course. Now, if you are sure of the meaning of each line of the conversation, you are ready to practice speaking.
Listen again as Jim Harris politely greets his Korean friend, Mr. Kim. Kim 선생님, 안녕하십니까? 선생님 is a polite way to say Mr. Repeat. 선생님, 선생님, 김 선생님, 김 선생님, 안녕하십니까? may be used as hello, good morning, good afternoon, or good evening.
It literally means, are you at peace? So the response to this greeting typically begins with yes. Repeat.
Mr. Kim returns the greeting, saying, Hello, Captain Harris. It's been a long time. 오래간만입니다.
네 is yes. Here it's used as an acknowledgement of the greeting. Repeat. 네, 네, 대위 is captain and 님 is added as a sign of respect.
Repeat. 대위, 대위, 대위님, 대위님, 해리스 대위님. Harris Daewi-nim.
Harris Daewi-nim, annyeonghaseupnika? Harris Daewi-nim, annyeonghaseupnika? Notice that the rank comes after the last name.
Oreganmanimnida. Means, it's been a long time. Repeat.
오래간만, 오래간만입니다.입니다. 오래간만입니다. 오래간만입니다. Now, repeat the entire line.
네, 헤리스 대위님. 안녕하십니까? 오래간만입니다.
네, 해리스 대위님. 안녕하십니까? 오래간만입니다. When they said hello, both men nodded their heads to each other.
Traditionally, Koreans bow. or nod their heads when they greet each other as a sign of politeness. Normally, the person who is younger or junior in rank says hello first.
Jim agrees that it has been a long time. 네, 오래간만입니다. He then asks, how are you getting along? 어떻게 지내십니까? 어떻게?
is how and 지내십니까? is, are you getting along? Repeat.
어떻게? 지내십니까? 어떻게 지내십니까? Now try the whole line.
네, 오래간만입니다. 어떻게 지내십니까? 네, 오래간만입니다. 어떻게 지내십니까?
Mr. Kim says, I'm getting along fine. 잘 지냅니다. 잘 means well or fine. Repeat. 잘 잘 지냅니다.
지냅니다. 잘 지냅니다. 잘 지냅니다. Notice that Jim used 시 in the expression 지내십니까?
But Mr. Kim used 지냅니다. 시 is used to be polite when talking to or about someone else. It should never be used to talk about yourself.
Mr. Kim then asks, Are you busy these days? 요새 바쁘십니까? 요새 means these days, recently, lately, or nowadays, and 바쁘십니까? is are you busy?
Listen again and repeat. 요새, 요새, 바쁘십니까? Are you busy? 요새 바쁘십니까?
Jim replies modestly that I'm not really busy. Listen. 별로 안 바쁩니다.
별로 is used in negative sentences to mean not really or not particularly. Repeat. 별로 별로, 안 means not.
Repeat. 안, 안, 안 바쁩니다. 안 바쁩니다. 별로 안 바쁩니다.
별로 안 바쁩니다. Notice that 안 comes next to last in this sentence and not at the beginning. 안 always goes just before the verb.
Exercise 1. Listen and repeat the following. 안녕하십니까? Hello, teacher Kim.
Hello, Mr. Harris. Mr. Kim, it's been a long time. Mr. Harris, how are you? 잘 지냅니다. 김 선생님, 요새 바쁘십니까?
별로 안 바쁩니다. 별로 안 바쁩니다. Now, in exercise two, say the phrases in English.
잘 지냅니다. I'm getting along fine. 별로 안 바쁩니다.
I'm not really busy. Captain. How are you getting along?
Hello. Mr. Harris. In exercise 3, try to say the phrases in Korean and see how your answers compare to the ones you hear. Hello, Captain Harris. Harris, Daewi-nim, annyeonghaseupnika?
Are you busy these days, Mr. Kim? Kim 선생님 요새 바쁘십니까? I'm not really busy.
별로 안 바쁩니다. How are you getting along, Mr. Kim? Kim 선생님 어떻게 지내십니까?
I'm getting along fine. 잘 지냅니다. It's been a long time, Captain Harris. Harris 대위님, 오래간만입니다.
Exercise 4. Listen and repeat the following officer ranks. 준위, 준위. Kim Joon-ui nim So-wi Kim So-wi nim Jung-ui 중위, Clark 중위님, Clark 중위님.
소령, 소령, Taylor 소령님, Taylor 소령님. Jung-ryeong, Jung-ryeong, Lee Jung-ryeong-nim, Lee Jung-ryeong-nim, Dae-ryeong, Dae-ryeong, Harris. Tae Ryung Nim Harris Tae Ryung Nim Notice that when a rank is used with a name, Nim is added as a sign of politeness. As a general rule, you should use Nim with the appropriate title for persons who are senior to you in rank.
Listen once again to the Korean words for warrant officer, and first lieutenant. Listen and repeat. This is warrant officer.
Now listen to First Lieutenant. Chung-hui. Chung-hui.
Chung-hui. Chung-hui. The Korean Armed Forces use one title for each rank, regardless of service, unlike the American military.
In Exercise 5, say the following names and ranks in English. Lee Daeryung Colonel Lee Second Lieutenant Kim Clark Jungwee nim First Lieutenant Clark. Taylor So-ryung-nim.
Major Taylor. Smith So-ryung-nim. Lieutenant Colonel Smith.
Jones So-ryung-nim. Warrant Officer Jones. Exercise 6. Now say these names and ranks in Korean.
Major Smith. Captain Clark. Warrant Officer Lee.
First Lieutenant. Lieutenant, Lee. Lee Joong-ui-nim. Second Lieutenant, Park.
Park So-hui-nim. In Exercise 7, greet the following people. For example, if you hear, Kim Sun-seng-nim, say, Hello, teacher Kim.
Hello, Harris. Hello, Harris. Hello, Mr. Lee. Hello, Mr. Lee.
Park So-ryeong nim Park So-ryeong nim, annyeong하십니까? Lee Sun-saeng nim Lee Sun-saeng nim, annyeong하십니까? Kim So-hui nim, Kim So-hui nim annyeonghaseupnika? In exercise 8, greet the following people saying, It's been a long time. For example, if you hear Mr. Yee, Say, Mr. Park, Captain Yi, Colonel Clark, Clark Daeryung nim, ore gamman imnida.
Warrant Officer Harris. Harris Joonie nim, ore gamman imnida. In Exercise 9, ask the following people how they are getting along.
For example, if you hear Captain Kim, say, Major Park Lieutenant Colonel Harris Harris Joong-nyeong nim, eot-tuk-hae jin-hae-shim-ni-ka? Second Lieutenant Kim Kim So-hui nim, eot-tuk-hae jin-hae-shim-ni-ka? First Lieutenant Yi Lee Joong-hui nim, eot-tuk-hae jin-hae-shim-ni-ka? Captain Clark In exercise 10, ask the following people if they are busy these days.
For example, if you hear Second Lieutenant Pak say Second Lieutenant Smith. First Lieutenant Taylor. Major Pak Colonel Yi Mr. Harris Harris, 선생님, 요새 바쁘십니까?
Exercise 11. Conversation for Listening Comprehension. Without looking at your text, listen to this conversation between Jim Harris and Mr. Kim. It is the same conversation you heard at the beginning of this lesson, but some sentence endings have been changed to show you a different style of speech. 별로 안 바빠요.
This is the end of Unit 1, Lesson 1.