Recent research published in Cell explores how ketogenic diets decrease appetite and contribute to weight loss.
Discovery of a new class of anti-obesity metabolites: BHB amino acids.
What are BHB Amino Acids?
Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB): A ketone body used as fuel for the brain and other organs during low carbohydrate availability (e.g., ketogenic diet or fasting).
CnDp2 Enzyme: Combines BHB with amino acids to create BHB amino acids.
BHB-Phi: Most common BHB amino acid, made from BHB and phenylalanine.
Key Points
BHB amino acids increase in response to ketogenic diets, fasting, or exogenous ketone supplements.
Activate brain regions to reduce food intake and promote weight loss.
Research Details
Mouse model studies show direct administration of BHB reduces appetite and weight gain.
Mice with knocked out CnDp2 gene did not exhibit appetite suppression when given BHB supplementation.
Indicates ketogenic diet effects on appetite may be due to BHB amino acids.
Neurobiological Mechanisms
BHB amino acids activate brain regions controlling feeding, distinct from other known pathways (e.g., GLP-1).
Mechanism of appetite reduction remains a mystery.
Genetic Variations and Responses
Variations in human CnDp2 gene may cause differential responses to ketogenic interventions.
Possible explanation for variability in appetite suppression among individuals.
Additional Mechanisms
Ketogenic diets may also:
Increase fat excretion through changes in microbiome and bile acid metabolism.
Increase energy expenditure and alter mitochondrial dynamics.
Conclusion
New findings highlight the biological importance of ketones and amino acids.
Further research is encouraged to explore these mechanisms.
Discussion Invitation
Reader prompted to reflect on personal experiences with ketogenic diets and ketone supplements.