Lab Activity: Bone and Foot Anatomy

Bone Analysis under Microscope

• Bone Structure

  • Central canal with blood vessels and nerves.
  • Canals called canaliculi supply the tissue.
  • Growth involves deposition of lamellae rings by osteocytes.
  • Osteocytes in lacuna appear as one unit; indistinct separation in appearance.
  • Bone health
    • Growth and maintenance require activity.
    • Lack of movement can lead to osteoporosis (bone loss).

• Lab Instructions

  • Examine bone under microscope on low power.
  • Identify growth rings, lamellae of osteon, central canal, osteocyte, and lacuna.
  • If canaliculi are not visible, sketch them in for understanding.
  • Emphasize the concept that bone is a living tissue and requires care.

Foot Anatomy Study

• Foot Functionality

  • Designed to absorb shock, rebound, and recoil, protecting the knee.
  • Recommended footwear: loose-fitting with a flexible sole.
  • Encourage going barefoot for muscular feet development.

• Foot Sketching

  • Toe Orientation
    • Big toe indicates the medial midline; pinky toe indicates the lateral side.
  • Bones of the Foot
    • Cuneiforms: Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral, located on the midline to lateral side.
    • Cuboid: A big, blocky bone at the lateral end.
    • Navicular: Boat-shaped, connects with the talus.
    • Talus: Large bone where tibia attaches.
    • Calcaneus (Heel): Large heel bone with a major tendon.
  • Bone Groups
    • Tarsals: Ankle and heel bones.
    • Metatarsals: Top of the foot.
    • Phalanges: Toes.

• Objective

  • Sketch both the bone cell structure and the foot anatomy for practical understanding.
  • Understand the functional anatomy and how it contributes to movement and support.

• Final Note

  • Engage with the lab activities to appreciate bone and foot anatomy and their roles in human movement and health.