Heimler's History: AP World History Unit 7 - Post World War I and Nationalist Movements

Overview

• Timeframe: Starts in 1900 up to the present.
• Post World War I:
  • Massive global changes, drop in world population, redrawn political boundaries.
  • Continuation of imperialism despite upheaval.
  • Imperial powers retained colonies, leading to tensions in the interwar period.

Nationalist Movements and Imperialism

• Consequences of Colonization:
  • Galvanized colonized people, united them, and fueled desires for independence.
  • Colonized people fought in WWI, hoping for respect and decolonization.
  • Post-war, self-determination was limited and colonial holdings were shifted, not freed.

India

• Indian National Congress:
  • Formed in late 19th century to voice complaints against British rule.
  • Post-WWI became a strong advocate for Indian independence.
• Amritsar Massacre (1919):
  • Peaceful protest led to colonial soldiers firing on protesters, resulting in nearly 400 deaths.
  • Radicalized Indians, strengthening calls for independence.
• Mohandas Gandhi:
  • Led a nonviolent resistance movement.
  • Advocated civil disobedience, such as the Homespun Movement against British textile injustices.
• Two-State Solution:
  • Proposal for independent India and Pakistan due to religious differences.

East Asia

• Korea:
  • Japanese domination by 1910 led to Korean resentment.
  • March 1st Movement (1919): Korean protests against Japanese rule, showcasing Korean nationalism.
• China:
  • May 4th Movement (1919): Anti-Japanese demonstrations after Japan gained German land.
  • Resulted in a shift from western democracy to communism.
  • Chinese Communist Party (Mao Zedong): Advocated for a peasant-led communist revolution.
  • Chinese Nationalist Party (Sun Yat-sen, later Chiang Kai-shek): Sought an independent, industrialized China.
  • Tensions between communists and nationalists led to the Chinese Civil War.

West Africa

• Independence Movements:
  • Educated Africans influenced by European ideas of natural rights.
  • Resistance began with educated Africans and expanded to labor strikes.
  • Strikes: Started in 1917, spread across industries by 1946, demanding fair wages and end of discrimination.

Conclusion

• Focus on Unit 7 Topic 5 for AP World History.
• Encouragement to engage with the Heimler History community.