so moving on to the next section the facial bones there are 14 total facial bones many of them are found in pairs um so first you have your mandible there's only one mandible that's your Jawbone here uh the maxela which is an orange there's actually two of them fused in the center um but two Maxa two zygomatic bones which are here in um green uh the palentine bones where there there are two of them um you can't really uh see those super well but they form the hard um basically the hard pallet or the top of the roof of the mouth and then extend upward um then you have the vulmer which is found here in the back of the nose it's kind of a vertical bone here you have two lacal bones the lacal bones are found right here on either side of the nose you can see them there in light green uh and then you have uh in the nasal bone uh two of those as well the nasal bones are found just um past the lacrimal bones here in purple and then the inferior nasal conai and there are two of those remember the superior and middle conai are part of the ethmoid bone uh the inferior nasal conai are separate and there are two of those um now looking at the mandible first this is your lower Jawbone it is the only movable skull bone uh not including the oules in the ear um important features of the mandible you have the conulariid process which is this almost looks like a shark fin projection here on either side uh and that's for muscle attachment um in this uh cular process it forms what we call The temporomandibular Joint um because it's the temporal bone and the mandible themselves uh and then in the front you have these openings and they're called the mental for Amon and that's for the mental nerve and uh blood vessels and there's some other features as well but those are the most important to know also as we're talking about the facial bones I want to mention the paranasal s sinuses these are resonating or Hollow Echo chambers that help enhance the voice and they also have mucus Linings that help um increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa and help keep it moist um the paranasal sinuses are found in four of your bones you have the frontal sinus in the frontal bone uh you have the maxillary sinus here on either side of the nose in the maxilla uh then you have uh some sinuses in the ethmoid and sphenoid Bone here um between the eyes and a little bit behind them um now looking at the maxilla and there're two of those uh these form the upper jaw and it's where your upper teeth are inserted uh also they form the uh lateral floor or the bottom of each uh the sides of each eye and most of your hard pallet um you have the alveolar process which is alveolar bone here that's where the roots of the upper teeth Set uh they also have a zygomatic process or an extension and you can kind of see it right here which forms the very front of the zygomatic Arch or the cheekbone uh the zygomatic Arch is three bones you have the temporal the zygomatic process of the temporal bone you have the zygomatic bone and you have the zygomatic process of the maxilla then you also have the interorbital foramin remember a for Amon is an opening in the bone and that's where the maxillary nerve passes through the floor of the orbit the I orbit in uh through this opening or this foram now talking about the I orbit there are actually seven bones that form the orbit of the eye um so I want to stop and point those out you have the upper portion of the orbit that's formed by the frontal bone the back of the orbit which is the sphenoid bone you have have the lateral and part of the inferior side of the orbit is the zygomatic bone uh you have the inferior portion here which is the Maxa the back of that right in the very back right there you have the palentine bone so a little portion of an extension of the palentine bone then you have your nasal H your ethmoid bone uh your uh lacrimal bone and then your nasal bone all form part of the orbit um in the nasal septum this is the separation between the left and right nostril um this is formed through the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone remember the cribra form plate forms the um the upper portion where your oil factory nerves are and then the extension um vertically called the perpendicular plate forms a part of the nas septum the bottom portion or the inferior portion of the septum is actually the vuler bone and then you have cartilage in between the bones uh that extend into the nose so remember your zygomatic Arch or your cheekbone is these three bones the zygomatic process of the maxilla the zygomatic bones themselves and you can't really see it very well here but the zygomatic process of the temporal bones um here you can see that nasal septum quite well um where you have the perpendicular plate here of the ethmoid bone and then the vomer