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What is the main use case for serial file organization?
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Serial file organization is used for storing daily transaction logs in financial institutions, where records are stored consecutively.
Define and give an example of a user-defined data type in Python.
A user-defined data type is specified by the user, such as a class. Example: Creating a class 'Point' to represent coordinates.
What is fixed point representation in the binary representation of real numbers?
Fixed point representation uses a predefined number of bits for both the integer and fractional parts, leading to limited precision.
Describe the components of floating point representation.
Floating point representation consists of a mantisa, exponent, and base, allowing for the representation of a wide range of numbers.
Explain what a record is in file organization and provide an example.
A record is a basic unit of data storage within a file. Example: Pixels in an image file.
Distinguish between text files and binary files.
Text files are human-readable (e.g., .txt files), while binary files are computer-readable sequences of bytes.
Describe the main characteristics of set data types.
Set data types are unordered collections of unique elements, containing no duplicates, and do not support indexing.
How is deletion handled in serial and sequential files?
In serial and sequential files, deletion is usually accomplished by marking records for deletion rather than immediate removal.
Why is normalization important in the binary representation of real numbers?
Normalization adjusts the exponent and mantisa to ensure that the two most significant bits are different, maximizing precision.
Outline the steps for converting a real number to binary representation.
Convert the whole number part, convert the fractional part, combine both parts, and normalize the mantisa to adjust the exponent for precision.
Provide an example of a built-in data type in Java and its features.
The Integer data type in Java has a predefined range of values and supports various arithmetic operations.
What issue can arise from the limited precision in floating point representation?
Approximation and rounding errors can occur due to the limited precision provided by floating point representation.
What is a data type and why is it important in computer science?
A data type specifies the type of data that a variable can store and is crucial for accurate data interpretation by computers.
What is an enumerated data type, and provide an example.
An enumerated data type is a collection of named constant values. Example: Days of the week.
How does direct access file organization differ from sequential file organization?
Direct access files allow for records to be accessed directly via indexing or hashing without traversing the entire file, while sequential files require access in a predefined order.
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