Class 10th Social Science - Power Sharing

Introduction

• Lecturer: हरिदास विकास सिंह राजपूत
• Topic: Introduction to power-sharing concepts in Social Science for Class 10th
• Focus on explaining the importance and methods of power-sharing in a democratic polity

Overview of Content

1. Review of Previous Knowledge: Class 9th Democratic Politics

   • Understanding of democracy, elections, and political functions
   • Transition to Class 10th with deeper and philosophical themes like power-sharing, federalism, gender, religion, caste

2. Main Themes in Class 10th Civics

   • Power-sharing: Central theme
   • Federalism: Sharing of power between central and state governments
   • Ethnic Composition: Case studies of Belgium and Sri Lanka
   • Gender, religion, caste: Examining the impact on democratic processes

Deep Dive into Power-sharing

• Definition: Distribution of power to ensure stability and prevent conflict between diverse groups
• Importance of Power-sharing: Critical to maintaining democracy, preventing conflicts, and ensuring everyone's voice is heard

Examples and Case Studies

1. Belgium and Sri Lanka

   • Belgium: Successful model of power-sharing among different ethnic groups (Dutch, French, German-speaking populations)
   • Sri Lanka: Failures in power-sharing leading to civil unrest and conflict between Sinhalese and Tamil-speaking populations

2. Belgium’s Approach

   • Recognize existence of regional differences and cultural diversity
   • Constitutional amendments ensuring power-sharing
   • Equality in the central government with representation from all groups
   • Decentralization of power to state governments
   • Community government to handle cultural, educational, and linguistic interests

3. Sri Lanka’s Approach

   • Sinhalese dominance and lack of power-sharing
   • Majoritarianism leading to discrimination against Tamil-speaking population
   • Ignition of civil conflict and demands for separate Tamil state (Tamil Eelam)

Theoretical Frameworks

1. Types of Power-sharing

   • Between Organs of Government: Legislative, Executive, Judiciary (Horizontal distribution)
   • Between Governments at Different Levels: Central, State, Local (Vertical distribution)
   • Social Groups: Ensuring participation and rights of various social groups
   • Political Parties, Interest Groups, Movements: Sharing power in the political landscape, coalition governments, movements influencing policies

2. Democratic Principles

   • Equity: Fair distribution of power among all members of society
   • Accountability: Governments are accountable to the people
   • Participation: Inclusive processes where all voices are heard

Benefits of Power-sharing

1. Conflict Prevention: Reduces violence and social unrest by involving diverse groups
2. Stability: Helps in maintaining a balanced and stable government structure
3. Democratic Spirit: Promotes equality, freedom, and justice

Concluding Remarks

• Importance of Learning: Understanding power-sharing is vital to grasp the functioning of democracies
• Encouragement to engage with the material and reflect on the principles for examinations and personal understanding

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