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What is a contraindicated management approach for a newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
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Bag-mask ventilation is contraindicated.
What is the treatment of choice for severe dehydration in children?
IV Ringer's lactate.
What condition should be ruled out when assessing a child with short stature and a normal family history?
Familial short stature should be ruled out.
Why is H. influenza not considered a cause of neonatal meningitis?
H. influenza cause meningitis after 2 months, not in the neonatal period.
Which measurement is the best marker for acute malnutrition in children?
Weight for height is the best marker for acute malnutrition.
What virus is the most common cause of wheezing in infants?
RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), leading to bronchiolitis.
What physical signs are associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants?
Projectile vomiting and an olive-shaped mass.
Which pediatric brain tumor is most commonly associated with suprasellar calcification?
Craniopharyngioma.
What underlying condition is suggested by bilateral enlarged kidneys in a newborn?
Polycystic kidney disease suggests bilateral kidney enlargement.
What is the most specific complication of maternal diabetes in relation to the newborn?
Sacral agenesis, a part of caudal regression syndrome.
By what age should the Moro reflex disappear in infants?
The Moro reflex should disappear by 3-6 months.
Which condition with left ventricular hypertrophy is noted for reduced pulmonary blood flow in congenital heart disease?
Tricuspid atresia is associated with reduced pulmonary blood flow and left ventricular hypertrophy.
What is the best drug of choice for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome?
Cyclosporin or Tacrolimus.
What condition results in an 'egg on a string' appearance on an X-ray?
Transposition of great arteries (TGA).
At what gestational age is room air sufficient for neonatal resuscitation?
Room air is sufficient for a 36-week newborn.
Which congenital heart condition is incorrectly associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
Stenosis is incorrectly associated with increased pulmonary blood flow.
What is the drug of choice for neonatal seizures?
Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for neonatal seizures.
In which cases should IV dextrose be initiated for neonatal hypoglycemia?
IV dextrose should be given for symptomatic hypoglycemia, blood sugar < 20, or blood sugar 20-40 not improved after feeding.
What is a common cause of respiratory distress in a 36-week newborn?
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTNB).
What are key symptoms indicating zinc deficiency in children?
Irritability, diarrhea, growth retardation, alopecia, and perioral dermatitis.
What is the drug of choice for managing juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?
Sodium valproate.
What distinguishes marasmus from kwashiorkor in terms of appetite and physical appearance?
Children with marasmus typically have a good appetite and a monkey face appearance.
What characteristic feature is not associated with preterm babies?
Deep sole creases are not associated with preterm babies.
What percentage of newborns require resuscitation at birth?
Only 10% of newborns require resuscitation at birth.
At what age should a child be able to transfer objects from hand to hand?
A child should be able to transfer objects at 6 months.
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