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Describe the journey of the blastocyst from formation to implantation.
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Post-fertilization, the zygote undergoes mitosis to become a blastocyst, which then travels to and implants in the uterine wall to initiate pregnancy.
How does LH affect testosterone production in males?
LH stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone, essential for sperm production and male sexual traits.
What roles do the ovaries play in the female reproductive system?
The ovaries are responsible for the production of eggs (ova) and the secretion of hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
What are the primary functions of testosterone in male puberty?
Testosterone facilitates the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as increased body hair, deepened voice, and muscle growth.
What structural and functional role does the placenta play during pregnancy?
The placenta facilitates nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and fetus, supports fetal development, and produces hormones to maintain pregnancy.
What initiates the onset of labor and how does birth occur?
Labor is initiated by hormonal signals resulting in uterine contractions, leading to dilation of the cervix and eventual delivery of the baby through the birth canal.
Elucidate the process of secondary sexual characteristics development in females during puberty.
Estrogen leads to breast development, changes in body composition, and the onset of menstruation, signaling reproductive maturity.
Explain the process and significance of fertilization in human reproduction.
Fertilization is the fusion of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote, restoring the diploid number of 46 chromosomes, initiating the development of a new individual.
How does GnRH influence the function of the reproductive system?
GnRH is released by the hypothalamus and stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH, critical hormones in gonadal function.
Discuss the function of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle.
The corpus luteum forms after ovulation and secretes progesterone, which maintains the uterine lining for potential implantation of an embryo.
Summarize the hormonal interactions involved in the female menstrual cycle.
The cyclical changes involve synchronized fluctuations of GnRH, FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone to regulate ovulation and preparation for potential pregnancy.
List the sequence of hormonal events leading to ovulation in females.
FSH promotes follicle maturation and estrogen production, which eventually triggers an LH surge, inducing ovulation.
Analyze the role of estrogen in preparing the female body for potential pregnancy.
Estrogen promotes the growth of the uterine lining (endometrium) to create a suitable environment for embryo implantation and supports overall reproductive health.
Describe the significance of mitosis following fertilization.
Mitosis allows the zygote to rapidly divide and proliferate into a multicellular structure, forming the blastocyst that leads to implantation.
Identify the main differences in gamete production between males and females.
Males produce sperm continuously after puberty, while females release one egg cyclically per month from puberty until menopause.
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