hello and welcome you must be wondering why have I shown you this particular photograph of four stages of a banana a banana that is fresh looking a banana that is aging uh a banana that is completely and a banana that is completely a gone case the reason is that's precisely what we are going to discuss in this particular poem tonus which is part of the Class 12 English literature syllabus written by Lord Alfred Tennison now beyond the textbook this is a very important photograph because it shows you that anyone who is Young right in the extreme left stage will also become like the extreme right stage at some point of time or the other so in life always be humble because you won't stay fresh forever it's a great great quote and something which you can use in your presentations during public speaking while I'm on it in fact I had received this particular comment on one of my videos a few weeks ago okay and I'll show it to you because it also shows the character of the person this was this video and this was the comment Hindi now I have no problem you know I know my age and by no stretch of imagination can I be classified as buddh but if that's what makes this unknown person feel powerful so be it but that's precisely why I pointed out the banana thing because in life you need to be humble because what you're calling someone else will return to you one day and Karma is very powerful it hits back with interest and it hits back so strongly so always in life be kind you don't know what the other person is going through in life so always be kind to people and this is something which I always say even at the risk of sounding very boring that always be kind to people because when you are kind you will get the same kindness with interest from different people okay now let's get started with the poem now Lord Alfred Tennison was one of the most celebrated Victorian Poets of English in the 19th century he served as poet laate which means in the court of England you know it is it's a title for over 40 years so that shows you know the kind of influence he had on the literature of that time and his poetry is known to explore different aspects of The Human Condition and themes of mortality love and nature okay let me tell you one more thing my videos are in detail complicated it's your wish okay Point number two both tonus and ban I tried my best to also prepare the same video in Hindi because there are some students who prefer to learn it in Hindi though I personally think then I thought to myself the kind of translation words that I was getting are not the kind of words that you can ever use in your examination so in that keeping that in mind keeping your best interest in mind I decided that I will explain this in simple English and trust me if you have trusted me over the last three years trust me on this one this will help you much more to understand it in English rather than in Hindi or any vernacular language I can explain it in Tamil also I can explain it in my own Malayalam and Telugu also okay who was titanus obviously you need to know main character I'll speak a bit in hindii so those of you who don't understand Hindi don't think you missing out on anything in Greek mythology tonus was a handsome Trojan Prince Trojan means as in the from the kingdom of Troy the son of King Ladon and a lover of the Goddess EOS so tonus was the lover of EOS whose other name was Aurora in Roman mythology she was the goddess of the Dawn Dawn as in the morning time when it is sunrise Yos fell in love with titanus and abducted him from Troy to live with her in the East so she took the initiative and she kidnapped him from Troy and make him live with her in the East because East is where she's the goddess of the dawn so she lives in the East OS wanted tonus to stay with her forever so she pleaded she prayed to zos who is the king of the Gods like Hindu mythology Indra zos the king of the Gods to Grant him immortality Grant tonus immortality so that he never dies however she makes a mistake she makes a flaw flaw means a mistake a wish which had a mistake there was an error in that wish because she forgot to ask for Eternal youth she asked for immortality but she did not say that he should never grow old also that he should always remain youthful so the gift in a way became a curse because he did not die but he became progressively very very old so titanus did indeed live forever but as time passed he grew older and feebler just like the four bananas I showed okay his body withering away so titanus smth serves as a cautionary tale about the double-edged sword of wishes that is when you are wishing for something be very careful because when you wish Hindi Bu you're calling me a bud without realizing that the same harsh tone it's not about what you said the harshness of the tone will come back to you with interest so please be kind to everyone in your life okay so you need to understand the importance of considering all aspects of what all could happen to you now there is a Twist in the tail Kahan TST that tenis actually altered the mythological story that was the mythological story but Tennison actually changed it in this particular poem in the poem it is not OS but it is tonus himself who asks for immortality he desires for immortality and it is the go his lover Aurora who confers this gift that she's the one who says that okay you will be Immortal and the source of the suffering is not her error in the way she formulates her request to zos but the other goddesses they are referred to as strong ARS in the poem The Other goddesses who feel jealous they feel jealous and they feel envious and resentful of tonus immortality and they kind of subject him to the ravages of time means they make him look more and more old which is why strong RS strong RS kind of convey the passage of time okay so the element of time becomes important what is the poem about we'll do this and then we'll get into the poem the poem deals with that and you need to know notes May the poem deals with the concept of aging and death Tennison this is these are important keywords please remember this tennis the fear of growing old because he's he's fearful of growing old he always wants to remain young and therefore he kind of wants to be immortal then the second theme is by portraying tonus predicament tennis's tennis challenges the traditional romanticization of immortality I'll be wonderful so he highlights the Despair and the isolation that everyone will grow I mean be I mean will die Etc only you will remain Immortal now that can make you feel very very isolated right your people who you grew up with they all die and you are the only one who does not die right so it is an endless life so please remember these words and also endless life then he uses a Greek mythology just man to explore the subject and it shows tennison's interest in mythical figures in terms of style it uses a lot of imagery and it showcases tennis and skill in creating strong visual language and finally from a human emotion point of view the poem explores the complexities of human desires this is very important this is very important because it shows the complexity of human desire you know you know we think we will be like this all our life status maintain that does not quite happen so it highlights the potential downsides of wishes granted without careful consideration so whatever you say always be careful about what you wish for what you ask for you go to a temple or any place of worship you say God help me do my exam well I should score high marks but if you also wish I wish that so and so gets bad marks paper cut n you know that kind of thing if you start wishing like that then the whole thing can actually backfire on you so never wish anything bad for anyone never wish anything without careful conentration this is a short note which generally for your general knowledge that it can also be seen as a companion piece because tennis and ksis was one of his very famous works which is about the celebration of experiences in life okay then the themes of the poem mortality and immortality answers mortality and immortality time and Decay I've already highlighted that yearning to be rid of his state that he by the time he gets kind of fed up and the larger theme of the human existence uh and the effect on the mind okay and finally about the form of the poem that the poem is a dramatic monologue this is important you need to know that where the entire text is spoken by a single character and through his words we come to know about his mind written in blank verse yna it was initially written in 1833 under the title of ton but it was not appreciated nobody liked it and it was then republished in 1859 1960 version of the cornhill magazine under the title of tithonus when it found takers in this version there were many additions to the original poem later it was again published in his book Enoch Arden in 1864 four okay so I hope now let's get to the explanation of the poem in absolute great detail okay now let's get to the poem we'll there are six stanzas approximately so we will do it according to that the woods Decay the woods Decay and fall the vapers weep their burden to the ground man comes and kills the field and Lies Beneath now Woods is uh smaller than a Forest Woods is smaller than a forest not a forest uh but it's an area of land land which is covered with lot of growing trees the woods Decay the woods Decay and fall what does it mean now Woods are considered what I mean they're considered as something which is permanent right uh they are like unchanging part of nature but here they are described as decaying and falling so the the poem is starting please note down these words which I'm writing down create your own notes it will help you so it is conveying a sense of impermanence that's the image that it that is being conveyed and uh this emphasizes that even Grand I mean what seems to be very strong what seems to be very Grand can actually eventually Decay and die so the repetition of the word Decay you know two times he has uh mention uh it underlines what it underlines the Relentless March of time it underlines the Relentless nature of time you know the with the passage of time this will happen Okay so uh that's the uh essential nature of the so the woods don't just Decay they Decay and fall in it highlights the inevitable process of their demise this uh the vapors weep their burden to the ground now Bon is an archaic means it actually is the word burden okay burden being written as buron Vapors is a reference to the moisture in the air okay this is a reference to the moisture in the air so listen to this carefully is that the line is using personification personification uh by crediting the image of weeping to the moisture that when there is moisture he's trying to convey that it's almost as if the nature is weeping so the vapers are Weeping or shedding their burden which is what I mean you would know that right the entire process of rainfall it is in the form of rainfall to the ground so while it emphasizes Nature's cycle of renewal because that's what you know it evaporates precipitation happens and then rainfall happens to the ground so the rainfall has been portrayed as some some kind of a uh uh weeping and by the use of the poetic device of uh uh personification it is also a product of decays the vapors the moisture when it kind of falls down in the form of rain it is also a product of DK because it takes place because of evaporation from water bodies so from the water bodies when it is evaporating that is also some kind of a Decay is what the poet is trying to convey so uh this line the vapors weep their bir to the ground is also an example of transferred epithet since it's an important poetic device I will just highlight it I hope you know what is transferred epithet and how it is spelled out here let me just though Class 12 you should be knowing it transferred [Music] eped e r r e d now uh an epithet is word of phrase which describes for example the quality of something for example a happy person a joyful person right uh so adjectives like happy are describing this noun U like person transferred epithet is when this adjective is transferred to a different noun like let's say U happy marriage anniversary or happy birthday so it is being transferred so in this case weep is the adjective describing the action describing ing the action uh and transferred it is not literally the vapors that are Weeping weeping is an action that humans do so it is being transferred to describe a nonhuman thing which is a non-human thing Vapors so weeping is something which human beings do right we weep but here it has been that particular virtue has been uh transferred to Vapors which is a non-human thing so it can also be seen as a poetic device of personification the the true subject here that is reigning is implied but it is not directly mentioned I mean that's what I have explained to you in terms of meaning uh uh that's what it kind of conveys man comes and uh Tils the field and Lies Beneath now this is referring to the birth of man then he works on the land that is Stills a field means then he does some work and eventually Lies Beneath means this is conveying death okay this is conveying death man comes is conveying birth and this is conveying life in between birth and death okay so this particular line if you are asked just about this line This is conveying the entire cycle of life and death the entire cycle of life and death is conveyed after many a summer dies the swan me only cruel immortality consumes so uh after many a summer dies the Swan now it talks about the death of the beautiful and Majestic Swan Swan H okay it reaches the end of its long life as signified by many a summer many summer means after many years it is kind of saying after many years the swan dies so the swan is mentioned because it is associated with what it is associated with beauty it is associated with Grace and that makes the depth even more poyant even more sad and sorrowful okay uh so I mean what is the larger meaning because what Tennison is creating is a very powerful image of the uh natural world constantly turning you know everything whether it is woods whether it is rainfall whether it is people even Beautiful Creatures like swans experience death and become part of a continuous cycle and later this in this poem AB we have not been introduced to titanus so this cycle is contrasted with titanus who will not die who has become immortal so he's unable to find releas in death so initially itself what Alfred Tennison is saying is that this is the natural cycle of life and death and later on it is contrasted with what tonus is going through okay so that is what is the poem all about okay I hope me only cruel immortality consumes while the natural world experiences a cycle of re death and renewal tithonus is trapped in a state of slow decline okay me only now you're talking about tithonus me only cruel immortality consumes now tanus is talking about himself that while the entire world world is you know full of life and death cycle it's experiencing that particular life and cycle of life and death tonus is trapped in Cruel immortality so in this line tonus is expressing his despair by saying cruel immortality this is an important key phrase because immortality which was once a gift he desired he wanted immortality now it has become a curse which is why it is consuming him so the immortality is eating him up consuming him means it is eating him up me only me only cruel immortality of this me only means what that he's the one who is cursed usko as though he thought he was getting a wish granted to him but he realizes now that to Sharp that this is a curse because around him he's seeing the natural cycle of life and death I wither slowly in thine arms thine means your arms it's an archaic word of your so wither means to slowly disappear wither means to disappear slowly okay become weak so thine means your so I become weak slowly in your arms so uh and he's talking about whose arms he's talking about the arms of his beloved yours which who is the goddess of the Dawn I told you about this at the beginning here at the quiet limit of the world now this line again emphasizes the isolation that tonus is feeling he's stuck at the edge of the world he's unable to participate in the Cy it's almost as if he's a witness to everything he's unable to participate in the uh cycle of life and death he's absolutely alone quiet means he's absolutely alone and lonely a white-haired shadow coming like a dream now this is the imagery of tonus he's a white hair means very old uh Shadow roaming like a dream like he's a very weak frail kind of a person who is white haired and he's no longer just like you see in the uh thumbnail so uh that's what he has become and that's a very sad kind of a figure he's no longer a vibrant presence and roaming like a dream and it he almost like a ghost Bo you know completely white so uh the ever's silent spaces of the East far folded mist and gleaming Halls of mour mour means morning so he's saying that gleaming means to shine brightly okay means to shine brightly shine brightly uh the so the lines are describing the very beautiful world uh which surround thonus he roams around the silent and vast Landscapes of the East that's where EOS is which is she's associated with the East Direction because he's the goddess of Dawn and the mist and the gleaming Halls create a sense of absolute Beauty but they also highlight the coldness and emptiness of his own Immortal existence he's trapped in this endless cycle okay so the gift given to tonus has become a curse so that's as far as the first stanza is concerned let's move to stanza number two alas for this gray Shadow one wants a man So Glorious in his Beauty and thy choice now here tonus is lamenting he's kind of you know saying are Y what kind of a life it is what kind of a situation I am in now he's now a shadow gray again conveys something which is very dull and he has become a shadow so you see again this is an important key phrase he's become like a gray shadow of compared to the initially when he was younger he was a vibrant kind of a person So Glorious once a man So Glorious in his Beauty and thy choice so this is kind of highlighting what he has lost he was once a beautiful handsome kind of a person and he was thy Choice means the choice of yours he was worthy of being chosen by the goddess of the Dawn that's why she chose him because he was so good-looking who mest him thy chosen that he seemed to his great heart none more than a God so he says that having been chosen by OS it elevated him to a Godlike status in his own eyes great heart means you know it elevated him that to some kind of greatness almost Godlike status midest is an aric form of made that made him okay made him lot of archaic language Tennison has used in this poem because he's talking about a mythological story so he felt that he was nothing less than a God himself I asked thee give me immortality this line reveals the source of his suffering I asked the the means I asked you give me immortality imortal okay he had himself wished from the Boon of immortality but now that wish has become a curse so these lines depict titus's very tragic uh realization give me immortality this line is very important I ask the give me immortality it kind of depicts the tragic realization you know what did I ask for because he was wishing for a life beyond mortality but he did not understand the true cost of such a gift and therefore he's now left with an empty existence he's forever you know thinking about what a beautiful life I had earlier how I was so active but now he's gray and old and white head okay then did thou Grant mine without asking with a smile like wealthy men who care not how they give now the bitterness in tonus at the careless manner in which the Gish was granted comes out okay so he's saying you know he's feeling very bitter at this point in time you know you know he criticizes ears you know that you granted my with asking with a smile like wealthy men who care not the G you did not even care about what you are giving you also did not you know apply your mind to are what am I giving to this man to the person I love right so he kind of criticizes EOS as he feels that she granted his wish for IM immortality very readily without considering or at least she also did not think about the consequences yes he did not think about the consequences but she also did not so that is something which he feels very bitter about so he's comparing her with who with who this is an important comp comparison that is being made so please make a note of it of to wealthy people who give away gifts without understanding their true value know they give away gifts without understanding what the value of the gift is okay but thy strong ARS indignant uh work their Wills so now ours is a personification of time as I mentioned to you in the introduction this is a personification of time so he says and they are highlighted as goddesses so indignant what is the meaning of indignant that they were annoyed okay the goddesses of time they were annoyed with Ton's wishes and therefore they took their Revenge they worked their Wills means they took their revenge and worked against his desire for immortality okay and beat me and M me and wasted me mod means to spoil or ruin ruin ruin would be a correct word to spoil and ruin all these are important words there are lots of key words in this particular poem so please keep marking them uh which you can use in your answers so m means to spoil or ruin the asss take their Revenge by inflicting a terrible curse you know they inflict a terrible curse they beat him down beat me down uh means that they are kind of representing the passage of time that weakens and ages tonus this you know he's of course going to die uh he will be immortal he will not die but he will also be very very very old so the use of words like M and wasted it kind of emphasizes the destruction of his the Vitality of his youth that he's talking about that when he was young he was so beautiful he was so good-look and that's what he kind of uh feels bad about and that's the kind of Revenge the uh goddesses the strong ARS have taken on him uh and though they could not end me left me Ma so but the the ass obviously cannot kill him because he's Immortal but they left him maed m means to leave somebody very injured they to leave somebody uh very injured uh a broken and incomplete version of his former self that you know he was someone who was kind of you know in a very broken kind of state not a patch on what he was before to dwell in presence of immortal youth Immortal age be beside Immortal Youth and all I was in ashes now these lines are very sad are extremely sad because tonus realizes that he's condemned to exist forever but more importantly in the presence of you know beside Immortal youth that he's Immortal age his age is Immortal but he is beside Immortal youth you know in the presence of an eternally youthful uh OS a constant reminder of what he has lost he describes himself as Immortal age next to her Immortal youth and that kind of highlights the contrast so it's not clear how can her youth also be immortal because youth also goes away but anyway that's what he says so this is the contrast that has been picturized so the final image of all I was in ashes signifies the complete destruction of his former self that you know he's no longer what he used to be at one point in time can thy love thy Beauty make amens though even now close over us the Silver Star thy guide so uh tius now directly addresses OS he wonders if ios's love and beauty can compensate him for the suffering he implies that even her presence cannot erase the pain of his immortality because the pain of his immortality which he thought at one point of time was an advantage now he realizes it's a curse so he says that presence be it cannot wipe away the pain of his immortality though even now closed over us so he says that this is a bit of a descriptive kind of a line the Silver Star is a reference to Venus please make a note of this it's a reference to Venus which is the Morning Star just like she's the goddess of the dawn so Silver Star is associated Venus is associated with EOS because both of them are associated with Sunrise uh and that's why they guide you know they guide the people on Earth so while OS sheds tears listening to his request tremulus means unsteady and shaky you know which means unsteady which is kind of shaking the Stars presence the Stars presence kind of signifies the ongoing cycle of dawn highlighting the contrast between her eos's Eternal Youth and his ever aging State you know that he's going on becoming old while she remains young forever and that kind of highlights the uh contrast between the two because the star keeps on moving every day every 24 hours let me go take back thy gift so tonus now makes a direct appeal he begs ears to take back the unwanted gift of immortality why should a man desire in any way to vary from the kindly race of men or pass beyond the goal of ordinance where all should pause as his most meat for all so he says that these are expressing tius new found acceptance of mortality that it would be better if one actually dies because he questions his past desire to be different from other men he didn't want to be like other men kindly means gentle here it is being used as in the form of an adjective ordinance the goal of ordinance means the natural order of things you know ordinance means the natural order of things which means the of life and death uh with you know the life is the the birth is the beginning point and death is the end point so he now realizes that the goal of the natural order of things is something to be respected not surpassed you know it is something which everybody has to follow meet means The Logical conclusion The Logical end of life so he says that why should he trespass beyond the reasonable limits of human life the boundary where everybody actually should stop and not cross so basically the second stanza uh though I have split it up into three parts the second stanza shows the transformation that has taken place Inus that he's now wiser he has realized that he has made a mistake he has realized the bad experience he has had and he now understands the value of a natural cycle of life and death a natural lifespan and he also realizes that death brings with itself some kind of Peace so he's begging yours to release him from his curse and allow him to re jooin the kindly race of men the gentle race of men therefore he wants to experience the natural cycle of life and death stanza three is soft air fans the cloud apart there comes a glimpse of the Dark World where I was born now it the literal translation of this is that a soft air which means a gentle breeze Parts the clouds you know fan the clouds means it kind of separates the clouds uh and that reveals a glimpse of the Dark World where titanus was born it is that mortal world he now wants to return to that mortal world the Dark World can also be seen as literal that is the World Before Dawn when it is dark okay and metaphorical as in the world of mortality where people actually will uh die at the end of the natural life cycle once more the old mysterious glimmer steals from thy pure Bros and from thy shoulders pure and bosom beating with a heart renewed tithonus is associating the presence of EOS I'm going slow so that you can note this down tithonus Associates the presence of his lover with a mysterious glimmer you know he's associating her presence with a mysterious glimmer which kind of conveys what it conveys Beauty it also conveys a sense of the unknown mysterious and it also conveys some kind as of something bad is about to happen to him so once more the old mysterious glimmer steals so he's describing her physical Beauty as pure Bros pure shoulders and a heart renewed a bosom beating it kind of highlights the contrast between what her youth is which is absolutely Eternal and his own state which is that of Decay that she has complete youth Eternal youth while he is having to Decay okay so the use of steals the word steals here it kind of you know adds a sense of secrecy adds a sense of villainous nature to her arrival you know I mean as something negative okay uh the cheeks the cheek begins to Ren through the Gloom thy sweet eyes brighten slowly close to mine before they blind the stars stars and the wild team which love thee now this line continues the description of Yo's uh arrival her approach towards him so the color slowly returning to her face as the dawn breaks creates a very beautiful image but you know as far as chonus is concerned you know we all feel good when it is a new day because there's so much of work to be done so much to be achieved during the day night is a time for rest but as far as tonus is concerned he's thinking AR one more day I have to live you know it's it's it signifies the start of another unwanted day okay her eyes ios's eyes though described as sweet you know he describes the eyes as thy sweet eyes thy means your your sweet eyes uh they however bring him no comfort you know they because their Brilliance will outshine the stars and another or symbol and that's another order symbol of the natural order he can no longer participate in you know so he feels pretty much of an outcast you know someone who is left out of whatever is to be done in this natural cycle of life and death and the wild team which love thee yearning for thy Yoke the thy is all referring to yours uh so he says that you know it is these lines are creating a very these lines are full of imagery okay visual imagery so they are kind of painting a very powerful image of eos's Chariot driven by horses uh these Wild Horses you know the wild horses that he's talking about the wild team the wild horses they're personified as creatures who love yours and they want to hear her command and that is kind of you know symbolizes the dawn because Dawn Sunrise if you ever get up early in the morning and you see the dawn it has a forth of its own it may seem gentle but that red and yellow and blue colors it has a sense of energy and vitality you know so the they shake the darkness from their loosened Mains the loen means are like you know the open hair you know they beat the twilight into flakes of fire you know that's a very Vivid description imagery of the approach of day The Very forceful approach of day flake means a flash flake means a flash so the imagery is emphasizing the power of the cycle of nature nature the helplessness that tonus feels within it you know that he's not feeling happy that it's yet another day he's feeling sad that it is yet another day and these lines are kind of conveying the force and the energy with which the uh Dawn breaks so it is a very unsettling normally Dawn is seen as a positive imagery but here it is a very unsettling uncomfortable picture of dawn uh and that is because of the way tonus feels it because it's all from titus's point of view he's the one who is relating it so he's talking about how he perceives Dawn as it is breaking in the morning let's move to stanza 4 Lo ever thust thou growest beautiful in silence then before thine answer G given depart and thy tears are on my cheek low means to convey a sense of wonderment okay a sense of Amazement a sense of wonderment uh tithonus acknowledges eos's Beauty using low to emphasize it and however even while he Praises her there's a sense of resignation there's a sense of Detachment in his tone uh he has seen her beauty countless times and it no longer brings him any kind of joy growest is the archaic form of grow okay this is the aric form of grow in silence then before thine answer given so he's saying that so this describes y's silent arrival and departure he says that before you give me any answer you leave me your tears are still wet on my face the lack of communication between EOS and tonus it highlights the emotional distance that has come between them he's no longer feels like you know oh God she's so beautiful anymore he's he's more bothered and worried about his own State of Affairs so tonus pleads with her throughout the poem but she remains largely unresponsive and eos's tears are also a source of confusion for tonus thy tears are on my cheek uh because he wonders are they tears of sympathy he's wondering he doesn't know are they tears that she's feeling sympathetic for him or they are you know an expression of frustration at the fact that he's going on requesting her time and again so her silence combined with the tears it creates a sense of mystery it uh also creates a sense of what shall I say uh emotional complexity you know it creates a sense of uh Myster and emotional complexity use this you know it is not easy the kind of relationship that they are sharing at this point in time depart is the aric form of depart why will thou ever scare me with tears with thy tears and make me tremble uh lest a saying learned so he's saying that uh he's directly questioning y's tears he says that they frighten him because they hint at a deeper truth that he fears and these lines reveal a source of fear for us that he's feeling scared he remembers his saying from his mortal life that the gods themselves cannot recall their gifts you know he remembers what he had learned and heard before so if even the gods cannot take back their gifts in this case the gifts that has been given in this case that is the gift of immortality his situation seems rather hopeless if this is going to be the case he's rather in a hopeless situation that you know they cannot recall means take back the gods cannot take back their gift so which means that he's forever trapped in this uh miserable state so by this we come to know of you know what he's going through uh his relationship with EOS and the fact that you know Gods cannot take back their gift so he's feeling rather hopeless at his miserable condition stanza five am me am me so this is an exclamation of what do you say of lament you know he's lamenting he's feeling rather sad so he's this is an expression of lament to express sadness and regret so he says with what another heart in days far off and with what other eyes so here titanus is reflecting on how he was in the past he had a different Heart full of uh youth full of passion Full Of Love full of innocence and he had other eyes in a way of seeing the world and his lover with fresh wonder and excitement and that is something which he is not able to experience anymore I used to watch he says if he if if I be he that watch so this line kind of adds a layer of uh doubt and despair that the speaker is so changed he questions if he was even the one who used to watch his lover you know the tonus that is now is not able to relate to the tonus who was there before you understand that's a major difference it's almost as if we are talking of two different tonus that the tonus now is not able to relate to the tonus in his young life so he says the speaker's past experience of watching his lover ears and he watched the Lucid outline okay Lucid outline which means a beautiful image you know he's he's kind of complimenting her beauty but he says he's not able to relate to it anymore and uh it kind of you know witnessed the transformation of the dim girl so his all expressions of her beauty Sunny Rings these are all keywords that you can use for yours Sunny Rings dim curls um and he witnessed the transformation of the dim curls into Sunny rings so it kind of also highlights the kind of Fascination that tithonus had with ears so the deeper explanation is that they create a very powerful contrast between the speaker's passionate past and his present state of regret that's very important so he's mning he's feeling sad about the loss of his youthful self and the way he used to see the world his lover with a lot of love and wonderment changed with thy Mystic change and felt my blood the speaker feels transformed by ios's presence and it's a very mysterious and Powerful change he feels his own blood respond to her mystical power and Mystic change uh suggest something very magical about her presence Mystic change means there's something very mysterious and also something very magical about her presence glow with the glow that slowly crimsoned all that presence and thy Port portals while I lay so this imagery is suggesting again a surge of passion and desire within tonus Crimson means that the face becomes blushed you know it's like purple red in color uh and it also kind of you know shows a lot of passion and also a hint of secrecy it describes you know just by the presence of yours how he is feeling so the two important phrases are blood glowing and the crimson color these two are important phrases blood glow and the crimson color portals could be a reference to the physical Beauty uh of EOS while I lay it's a just a state of complete surrender okay it kind of conveys surrender uh of tonus that he is kind of you know completely receptive to the experience he's talking about the past so the next one the mouth forehead eyelids Etc he's kind of creating a very sensual kind of a picture and each body part that he's describing it is emphasizing the intimate relationship they had the intimacy of their encounter the mouth for the kisses the forehead for the closeness the eyelights hinting at vulnerability uh a lot of sensation uh the kisses are described as Bomier which means more pleasant more more pleasant that's what this word means uh than delicate spring fls they know that they are more pleasant than even delicate spring flaws emphasizing their tenderness and Awakening effect the reference to April to the month of April it kind of you know means the beginning of new love the spring season so it's it's a reference to the new season out there so basically these lines are creating a very Vivid picture of very passionate love and sensuality and the effect of the uh speaker lover that is uh eos's effect on tonus so it's a it's a moment of intense connection of April and could hear the lips that kiss Whispering I knew not what of wild and sweet so he's saying that the Whispers add another element of intimacy another element of in layer of secrecy wild suggests passion while sweet indicates pleasantness keep noting down these words the speaker does not understand the specific words but the emotions conveyed are very clear intense and delightful uh like that strange now whenever I have told you whenever you use the word like or as that's a use of a simile so that is using a powerful image to describe the experience Apollo is who Apollo is the Greek God of music of poetry of light and healing I'm going through this fast because you know this is basically just describing what he went through the overall U theme of uh immortality is not directly related to this so in terms of the importance this is less important than the rest of the poem which is why I'm just kind of giving you the word meanings so he's saying that the Apollo the Greek god of Music poetry uh light and healing is known for his beautiful singing so he's comparing The Whispers of his song uh comparing The Whispers of his song suggests something very magical something very engrossing uh something very Divine while ilon like a Mist Rose into Towers ilon is another name for Troy okay this is another name for Troy the legendary City from Greek mythology and it could be a memory or or a dream perhaps of the speaker's past before he met his lover Ys let's come to the last stanza yet hold me not for the ever in thine East so now the final stanza he come back to the final stanza is important the fifth stanza not so much the final stanza as important because he's now once again kind of showing his sense of Despair he's saying and he's making another direct plea to his lover who is associated with the East he says please not to keep him trapped in this Immortal State he questions how his Mortal Mortal nature can continue to coexist with her Immortal essence you know she's youth forever youth you know the dawn is forever youth right uh I think that's the only explanation that can be given um youthful so the this question highlights the core of his suffering he's mortal at heart trapped in an immortal body so their Natures are no longer compatible so they no longer a match for each other cly thy Rose Rosy Shadows B me cold are all thy lights so he says that eos's light which is usually associated with warmth uh renewal because it's a beginning of a new day it feels cold to him otherwise you know Morning Light just imagine if it is winter and then you have the morning light coming so the morning sunshine feels warm right but he says that it feels cold You Know coldly Thy cold are all your lights his wrinkled feet cold my wrinkled feet wrinkled again conveys a sense of cold uh it also symbolizes his physical decline with age because with age you will see that your hands and feet at get a little wrinkled uh emphasizing the growing distance between him and his eternally youthful lover who is yours upon thy glimmering thresholds when the steam floats up from those dim Fields about the homes so he's saying that this tonus is describing his position at the thresholds which means almost at the entrance of eos's space a place between life and death and he observes the steam which is rising from the fields a symbol of life and the passage of time he you know he he's really longing for the somehow if I can just die because he now feels that is a privilege that is a privilege for the happy men you know only happy men have that privilege that they have the power to die so he feels earlier he felt that wow what happiness it would be not to die at all but now he feels that only happy men have the power to die and they are living in the homes below uh and grassy barrows of the happier dead this line emphasizes the speaker's yearning for death that he really wants to die and he envies the happier Dead who are resting in their graves you know grassy barrows is the reference to the graves that you know they are in the graves and they are happier dead so this is a very strange oxymoron you know because death is usually associated with sorrow with grief but now he says that those who are dead are actually more happy release me and restore me to the ground these are very powerful lines directly said to Os or aora so he says release me and restore me to the ground so this is a very direct request it is a very desperate request tonus is begging Aurora to set him free and allow him to return to the Earth which means to die and be in his grave to be one with the ground okay thou seest all things thou Willl see my grave he says you are an allseeing nature because she's a goddess of the Dawn Dawn is able to see everything around her right so he says that she will witness his death even if she does not Grant His Wish uh he says Thou wil renew thy Beauty M by mon that you are able to renew your beauty every morning and that is the contrast between tonus who is aging while Aurora is forever youthful that she will continue to be reborn please listen to this carefully she will will continue to be reborn with every sunrise and she will always be beautiful because every Sunrise we see and we think wow what a beautiful sunrise right it's forever youthful right I Earth in Earth forget these empty codes so here tonus is Imagining the Peace of death how peaceful death would be and he wants to be one with the Earth Earth in Earth means that he wants to be mixed with Earth and forget the empty quates the vast and meaningless space of the immortal because he finds his Immortal existence to be completely without meaning completely meaningless and the returning that is you returning on thy silver wheels and the final line it paints a picture of ostas or Aurora's unending cycle that she will continue to return each Dawn on her Chariot a constant reminder of his own because every time she comes in the morning it is a reminder of Ton's unending state so the final stanza which is there I repeat they are a very very powerful plea request for release and they are also a lament for a life that has been lost because of his own mistake he accepts his mortality and he desires intensely desires the Peace of death to be one with the Earth even if it means forgetting his lover so the final image of her returning Chariot emphasizes the cruel contrast between her fate and the fate of tonus that she will be reborn every morning she will be forever youthful he will never be able to die and he will be aging with every passing day okay I hope you have understood this clearly what are the poetic devices which have been used personification vapers weep their bir and woods deay I've explained this we also talked about the transferred epithet in the case of vapors weep their birn uh imagery the PO has a lot of sensory details The Rosy Shadows of dawn the Dewey warm kisses the Bomier than half opening buts of April the Sim where I said like or as is used metaphor portals can be interpreted as a metaphor for the speakers lovers physical beauty or a more intim connection the cruel immortality consume this two is a metaphor as immortality is metaphorically portrayed as a consuming force that finally destroys tonus repetition which have been the woods Decay that is again of a repetition hyper Boling while Troy like a Mist rows into Towers this is a case of exaggeration of hyper Boling transfer epithet I've already explained to you out there so with this we come to the end I've already explained this out there so with this this we come to the end of this entire explanation of tius I hope you have understood this clearly thank you very much Tata bye-bye God bless you the notes will be there on the study with sudir Instagram and WhatsApp channels and the S SWS sucess test papers with chapter-wise questions and answers all three parts mcqs uh reasoning questions and the long format five and 10 marks all will be there in a few weeks from now thank you very much tatab B