Overview
This lecture explains the humanistic theory of personality, emphasizing free will, self-actualization, and the roles of Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers in developing the theory.
Humanistic Theory Basics
- Humanistic theory asserts that individuals have free will and can develop themselves to reach their highest potential (self-actualization).
- Unlike Freud's deterministic psychoanalytic theory focusing on unconscious motives, humanism focuses on conscious choices and personal growth.
- The theory views people as inherently good and self-motivated to improve.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs structured like a pyramid.
- Needs must be met in order: physiological (basic survival), safety, love, self-esteem, and finally self-actualization.
- Self-actualized individuals are self-aware, caring, wise, problem-centered, and focus on higher purposes beyond basic needs.
- Maslow believed self-actualization is rare, with only about 1% achieving it.
Carl Rogers’ Contributions
- Carl Rogers expanded on Maslow’s ideas, stressing a “growth-promoting climate” for self-actualization.
- Two conditions are required: genuineness (being open and true to oneself) and acceptance (unconditional positive regard from others).
- Genuine relationships and acceptance allow people to pursue their true self rather than an unattainable ideal self.
Self-Concept and Personality
- Both Maslow and Rogers identified self-concept as a central part of personality.
- Self-concept develops when genuineness and acceptance create a supportive environment.
- The humanistic perspective emphasizes positivity and the question, “Who am I?”
Key Terms & Definitions
- Humanistic Theory — A personality approach focusing on free will, personal growth, and achieving self-actualization.
- Self-Actualization — Reaching one’s highest potential and fulfilling personal goals.
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs — A pyramid model of human needs from basic to self-actualization.
- Growth-Promoting Climate — An environment supporting honesty and unconditional acceptance, necessary for self-actualization.
- Self-Concept — An individual’s perception and understanding of themselves.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review Maslow’s hierarchy and be able to list and explain each level.
- Reflect on the roles of genuineness and acceptance in personal growth.
- Prepare to compare humanistic theory with psychoanalytic and other personality theories.