Acid, Base and Salt

Introduction

• Acids and bases are used in everyday life.
• Some common food items contain acids:
  • Lemon: Citric Acid
  • Orange: Citric Acid
  • Yogurt: Lactic Acid

Effects of Acids and Bases

• Eating junk food can cause acidity.
• The reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization.
• Result of neutralization: Salt and water.
• Salts are not just table salt; there are various types.

Major Salts

• Plaster of Paris:
  • Used for casting.
• Baking Powder:
  • Makes cake fluffy.

Household Indicators

• Turmeric: Turns red when a base is added.
• Litmus Paper:
  • Red litmus paper turns blue in an acid.
  • Blue litmus paper turns red in a base.
• Methyl Orange and Phenolphthalein:
  • Synthetic indicators.

Types of Acids and Bases

• Acids:
  • Sour in taste (like lemon, tamarind).
  • Two types:
    • Mineral Acids: Hydrochloric, Sulfuric.
    • Organic Acids: Acetic, Citric.
• Bases:
  • Bitter in taste.
  • Two types:
    • Strong Base: Sodium Hydroxide.
    • Weak Base: Ammonium Hydroxide.

pH Scale

• pH 0-14:
  • 0-7: Acidic.
  • 7: Neutral.
  • 7-14: Basic.

Neutralization

• When an acid and a base combine, they form salt and water.
• Example of reaction:
  • Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide → Sodium Chloride + Water.

Characteristics of Salts

• Salts have high melting and boiling points.
• Salts are ionic compounds, so they conduct electricity.

Conclusion

• It is necessary to understand the relationship between acids, bases, and salts.
• Understanding the effects of acids and bases in household use is important.

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• These notes provide important information about acids, bases, and salts, which will be helpful for your studies.