Lecture Notes: Design Principles

Principle of Similarity

• Grouping by similarity:
  • Our brains group objects by similarity rather than location, such as color.
  • Similarity applies to color, texture, shape, position, orientation, and size.
  • As designers, using similarity can enhance layout design.
    • Differentiation in design (e.g., different color) can highlight important elements.
  • Consistent shapes in design create cohesion.
  • Inconsistent shapes cause confusion as the brain struggles to categorize.

Principle of Proximity

• Grouping by proximity:
  • Objects placed close together are perceived as related.
  • Example in design: Car consoles group related controls together for intuitive use.
  • Design layouts should group related items to form cohesive groups.
    • Avoids overwhelming the viewer with too much information.
  • Logos and text can benefit from proximity for clarity.
    • Close spacing creates unity, wide gaps create separation.
  • Group related information clearly to prevent a messy appearance.

Principle of Simplicity

• Simplifying design elements:
  • Break down complex shapes into simpler forms for easier comprehension.
  • Icons are simplified for clarity at smaller sizes.
  • Simplification involves removing unnecessary elements, graphics, or redundant text.
  • Simplified designs are cleaner and more concise, enhancing the message.
  • Key questions:
    • Can the design be made simpler?
    • Does each element add value?
  • Avoid excessive complexity to maintain focus on the main idea or focal point.
  • Even minimal designs (e.g., a clock with basic shapes) can still convey the intended meaning.