Extinction and negative punishment. These are two concepts that often get confused. So let's talk about the very different behavior reduction procedures. Extinction: this is when a previously reinforced behavior no longer receives reinforcement. So imagine, a person emits a behavior and that behavior consistently contacts reinforcement, like attention. But then with extinction in place, that same behavior now does not contact reinforcement. The reinforcement that used to be delivered is not delivered. And you can think of this as no reinforcement. So a person who yells loudly and always gets a reaction, with extinction, is going to yell loudly but not get that reaction. They still yell, but nothing happens after the behavior. It used to happen, but not anymore. And of course, the behavior will eventually decrease because it's not effective. It's no longer contacting reinforcement. With negative punishment, the target behavior occurs, like yelling, and the consequence for that behavior is that a reinforcer is removed. Not withheld, but actively taken from the person, out of the person's possession. Like when parents take away their kids' cell phones after they break a rule. And losing a desired item, having it taken away, is aversive, so the behavior that led to this aversive consequence is likely to decrease. So the takeaway: extinction means stopping reinforcement that is maintaining a behavior. Stopping the maintaining consequence. Negative punishment is the removal of a reinforcer directly following the behavior. Now, with extinction, there's no new consequences, just the absence of the expected reinforcement. And negative punishment actually introduces a consequence by taking something desirable away. I hope that helps.