Crash Course World History: Jesus and Early Christianity

Introduction

• Host: John Green
• Topic: Jesus Christ and the origins of Christianity

Jesus and His Historical Context

• Roman Coin: Reference to Augustus, the Roman Emperor, as the 'son of God'.
• Jesus' Background:
  • Born a Jew in the Jewish tradition.
  • Lived in a Roman province of Judea.
  • Part of the messianic tradition.

Judaism and Its Influence

• Origins of Judaism:
  • Early Hebrews worshipped many gods.
  • Transition to monotheism - belief in one true God.
• The Covenant:
  • Abraham’s covenant with God.
  • Jews as the 'chosen people'.

Characteristics of the Hebrew God (Yahweh)

• Singular and transcendent.
• Involved in history and demands moral righteousness.
• Prophets speak for God, calling for social justice.

Judea under Roman Rule

• Herod the Great: Built the massive temple in Jerusalem.
• Herod Antipater: Ruled during Jesus' lifetime.
• Hellenization: Introduction of Greek culture and ideas.

Jesus of Nazareth

• Role: Preacher in Judea.
• Teachings:
  • Message of peace, love, and justice.
  • Against established authorities.
• Execution: Crucified by Romans as a threat to their power.

The Spread of Christianity

• Historical Context:
  • Belief in Jesus as the Messiah.
  • Roman oppression of Jews after the revolt (66-73 CE).
• Paul of Tarsus:
  • Opened Christianity to non-Jews.
  • Helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire.

Reasons for Christianity's Growth

1. Roman Oppression of Jews: Forced identity solidification.
2. Paul’s Influence: Opened religion to non-Jews, advocated for geographic spread.
3. Common Language and Roman Decline: facilitated communication and appeal.

Conclusion and Legacy

• Emperor Constantine's Conversion: Christianity gained imperial endorsement.
• Persistence Despite Persecution: Continued growth and eventual dominance.

End Notes

• Credits: Script by Raoul Meyer and John Green.
• Engagement: Encouragement to suggest and participate in discussions.