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Understanding Group Dynamics in Social Psychology
Aug 14, 2024
Lecture on Social Psychology: Group Processes
Introduction to Social Psychology
Study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social interactions.
Individuals often behave differently in groups than when alone.
Conformity
Definition
: Tendency for people to align their behavior with group norms.
Also known as peer pressure.
Important for determining what's acceptable and questioning standards.
Positive peers can lead to harmony, whereas negative behaviors can lead to issues.
Reasons for Conformity
Informative Influence
Occurs when an individual looks to a group for guidance due to uncertainty.
Example: Agreeing with a group’s incorrect method due to lack of knowledge.
Normative Influence
Occurs when an individual conforms to avoid social rejection, despite knowing the group’s method is incorrect.
Example: An expert opting to conform to avoid being a social outcast.
Types of Conformity
Private Conformity
: Change in behaviors and opinions to align with the group genuinely.
Public Conformity
: Superficial change in behavior while internally maintaining personal beliefs.
Group Polarization
Definition
: Group decision enhances or amplifies the original opinions of group members.
Requires shared majority viewpoints and confirmation bias.
Discussions often favor majority views; criticisms are directed at minority views.
Example: Group's belief in training dogs with treats is reinforced by discussion.
Group Think
Definition
: When maintaining harmony among group members is prioritized over problem analysis.
Occurs in cohesive groups insulated from outside opinions.
Powerful leaders can influence conformity.
Decisions are often not effective due to suppression of differing opinions.
Example: Group agreeing on putting down a dog due to leader’s suggestion without exploring other options.
Avoiding Group Think
Involve outsiders or experts.
Hold smaller, separate group discussions.
Leaders should refrain from sharing their opinions initially.
Conclusion
Conformity, group think, and group polarization are common in group settings.
They can be positive if groups are open-minded and willing to consider various opinions.
Further exploration of groups and social behaviors will be discussed in the next session.
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