Lecture on Social Psychology: Group Processes

Introduction to Social Psychology

• Study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social interactions.
• Individuals often behave differently in groups than when alone.

Conformity

• Definition: Tendency for people to align their behavior with group norms.
• Also known as peer pressure.
• Important for determining what's acceptable and questioning standards.
• Positive peers can lead to harmony, whereas negative behaviors can lead to issues.

Reasons for Conformity

1. Informative Influence

   • Occurs when an individual looks to a group for guidance due to uncertainty.
   • Example: Agreeing with a group’s incorrect method due to lack of knowledge.

2. Normative Influence

   • Occurs when an individual conforms to avoid social rejection, despite knowing the group’s method is incorrect.
   • Example: An expert opting to conform to avoid being a social outcast.

Types of Conformity

• Private Conformity: Change in behaviors and opinions to align with the group genuinely.
• Public Conformity: Superficial change in behavior while internally maintaining personal beliefs.

Group Polarization

• Definition: Group decision enhances or amplifies the original opinions of group members.
• Requires shared majority viewpoints and confirmation bias.
• Discussions often favor majority views; criticisms are directed at minority views.
• Example: Group's belief in training dogs with treats is reinforced by discussion.

Group Think

• Definition: When maintaining harmony among group members is prioritized over problem analysis.
• Occurs in cohesive groups insulated from outside opinions.
• Powerful leaders can influence conformity.
• Decisions are often not effective due to suppression of differing opinions.
• Example: Group agreeing on putting down a dog due to leader’s suggestion without exploring other options.

Avoiding Group Think

• Involve outsiders or experts.
• Hold smaller, separate group discussions.
• Leaders should refrain from sharing their opinions initially.

Conclusion

• Conformity, group think, and group polarization are common in group settings.
• They can be positive if groups are open-minded and willing to consider various opinions.
• Further exploration of groups and social behaviors will be discussed in the next session.