Understanding Group Dynamics in Social Psychology

Aug 14, 2024

Lecture on Social Psychology: Group Processes

Introduction to Social Psychology

  • Study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in social interactions.
  • Individuals often behave differently in groups than when alone.

Conformity

  • Definition: Tendency for people to align their behavior with group norms.
  • Also known as peer pressure.
  • Important for determining what's acceptable and questioning standards.
  • Positive peers can lead to harmony, whereas negative behaviors can lead to issues.

Reasons for Conformity

  1. Informative Influence

    • Occurs when an individual looks to a group for guidance due to uncertainty.
    • Example: Agreeing with a group’s incorrect method due to lack of knowledge.
  2. Normative Influence

    • Occurs when an individual conforms to avoid social rejection, despite knowing the group’s method is incorrect.
    • Example: An expert opting to conform to avoid being a social outcast.

Types of Conformity

  • Private Conformity: Change in behaviors and opinions to align with the group genuinely.
  • Public Conformity: Superficial change in behavior while internally maintaining personal beliefs.

Group Polarization

  • Definition: Group decision enhances or amplifies the original opinions of group members.
  • Requires shared majority viewpoints and confirmation bias.
  • Discussions often favor majority views; criticisms are directed at minority views.
  • Example: Group's belief in training dogs with treats is reinforced by discussion.

Group Think

  • Definition: When maintaining harmony among group members is prioritized over problem analysis.
  • Occurs in cohesive groups insulated from outside opinions.
  • Powerful leaders can influence conformity.
  • Decisions are often not effective due to suppression of differing opinions.
  • Example: Group agreeing on putting down a dog due to leader’s suggestion without exploring other options.

Avoiding Group Think

  • Involve outsiders or experts.
  • Hold smaller, separate group discussions.
  • Leaders should refrain from sharing their opinions initially.

Conclusion

  • Conformity, group think, and group polarization are common in group settings.
  • They can be positive if groups are open-minded and willing to consider various opinions.
  • Further exploration of groups and social behaviors will be discussed in the next session.