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What significant event involving the Nabataeans occurred in 312 BCE?
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Antigonos I Monophthalmos sent Athenaeos to plunder Petra.
In what year did the Romans annex Nabataea, and which Roman Emperor was responsible?
106 CE, Emperor Trajan.
During which battle did Rome's influence over Nabataea significantly increase?
The Battle of Actium in 31 BCE.
How did the Nabataeans primarily resist conquest?
Through their control and monopolization of trade routes and adapting strategies.
Who assumed Nabataean influence in the late antique period?
The Ghassanids.
Which Nabataean king expanded influence to include Damaskos and sought vassals in Judaea and Palmyra?
King Aretas III.
What lasting impact did the Nabataeans have on their region, despite eventual decline?
Their architectural and cultural legacy continued to influence the region.
What form of Christianity likely took root in Nabataea and who was the ruling power at this time?
Miaphysite Christianity during the time of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Describe the status of women in Nabataean society.
Women had considerable rights and were influential in religious roles.
Name the origin regions of the Nabataeans.
Jordan and southern Palestine/Israel.
What was the primary economic activity that made the Nabataeans wealthy?
Control and trade of incense routes.
What types of deities did the Nabataeans worship?
A mix of their own gods such as Dushara and Al-’Uzza, along with Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Syrian gods.
What was Petra famous for architecturally?
Its rock-cut temples and public buildings.
What change occurred in Nabataean society after being annexed by the Romans?
Shift from trade monopoly, increased Greek and Latin influence, and Roman-built forts for trade control.
Which Seleucid ruler did the Nabataeans ally against alongside the Maccabees?
Against the Seleucid Empire under Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 167 BCE.
Who was the first named king of the Nabataeans?
Aretas I.
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