this is going to be another lifecycle video but this one is going to have to do with our first type of vascular plant the ferns and the muscles represent our nonvascular plants the ferns are going to represent our seedless vascular plants so most of our vascular plants have seeds which we'll learn later but the firms are going to represent the seedless vascular plants so they're not going to use seeds they're going to use spores still just like the mosses do so let's pull up the picture of our lifecycle so here we have the picture of the fern lifecycle and like always I like to start with fertilization and so we are going to start right here fertilization occurs and remember as always fertilization is the sperm and the egg which are both haploid coming together to make the zygote which is diploid that's the way it is never change so we're going to start here with fertilization and sperm and egg have come together and they have formed the diploid zygote now in the moss if you'll recall that occurred in the arch ago Neum and that is still what we call the female part of the firm we still call it the archegonium and it's very similar to what happens in the moss and the zygote is of course going to grow it doesn't show it here but it's going to develop into the embryo this language will be the same no matter what we're talking about we're always going to start with the zygote and then the embryo and out of this archegonium is going to grow the sporophyte generation and if you remember sporophyte he's going to produce spores but we're even going to use the word sporophyte in plants that don't really produce spores the main thing is sporophyte represents the diploid part remember all plants exhibit what we call alternation of generations and what that means is that there is a multicellular part of the life cycle that is haploid and a multicellular part that is diploid so we can think of the sporophyte generation as being the multicellular diploid part of the life cycle and we can think of the gametophyte generation as being the multicellular haploid part of the plant's life cycle so the zygote is going to go to the embryo and that is going to become the sporophyte and so the mature sporophyte is going to be what you are familiar with when you think of a fern it's going to be this nice photosynthetic part of the plant and that's going to differ from the mosses because if you remember in the mosses it is the gametophyte generation that is actually the photosynthetic part of the plant's life cycle so for the first time in the the evolution of plants the sporophyte is going to be dominant it's going to be the dominant part of the life cycle now underneath if we could zoom in here underneath these leaves underneath the fronds we don't call them leaves in we call them fronds in the ferns underneath them are these teeny tiny little brown things they usually look Brown when you're looking at the actual underside of a real firm but they are what we call sporangia or sporangium for short so now here's the word sporangia and each one of these they're under this right here is actually the frond and then underneath those are the sporangium now a group of sporangia ms what we call a soros or the plural of that would be sori or soar i and thesaurus is made up of you know several sporangia --m and those springe here's where they're kind of zoomed in they're going to produce the spores and so they are going to undergo meiosis if you recall fertilization is always going from two diploid coming together to make a haploid and meiosis is the opposite meiosis is where we go from being deployed and we wind up with lots of little haploid cells so inside the sporangium meiosis is going to go on and spores eventually though the spring geom is going to dry out and the spores are going to be released all into the environment and they are going to fall in an area that is conducive to them growing into the gametophyte so here you can actually see the young gametophyte growing out of the spore now remember this whole part of the lifecycle is haploid now once the gametophyte becomes mature it's a mature haploid gametophyte what's actually going to occur is its it's what we call it's very different in the mosses you had spores that became female gametophyte which had the archegonium and you had spores that became male gametophyte which had the n3 dia but in the ferns it's actually going to be hermaphroditic which means that it has both sexes so there's actually going to be a part of that gametophyte which is male and that's going to have the antheridia and then there's going to be a part of it that is female and that's going to be the archegonium and that will have the eggs in it now inside the n3 diem sperm will be produced and inside the archegonium you will have eggs produced now very similar to the moss lifecycle the ferns need water because they have those flagellated sperm and they need to swim from the antheridia into the archegonium and actually fertilize that egg and then the egg becomes the excuse me the egg becomes the zygote so some major differences if we want to talk about differences between the moss lifecycle and if we want to talk about differences between the moss so here we have the moss lifecycle that's nice but Moss Moss lifecycle and here we have the fern some things about the fern is the dominant generation is going to be the sporophyte in the moss the dominant generation is going to be the gametophyte which of course if you remember is haploid and the sporophyte is diploid some similarities that they are going to have is they're both going to depend upon water for fertilization because the sperm will have to actually swim the nomenclature for everything is the same we have Archie go Nia and antheridia in both of them um but the major differences in their life cycle is is really just simply the dominant generation in the mosses the dominant generations the gametophyte in the ferns the dominant generation is the sporophyte they are both going to use spores to reproduce so they're both seedless but if you will recall a major difference between them and this doesn't have to do with the reproduction but a major difference between them is that the mosses are non vascular and the ferns are vascular so very quick recap for lifecycle we're going to start always with fertilization sperm and egg are going to come together produce the diploid zygote which will grow into eventually the mature sporophyte which is the dominant generation that's the less you usually see that's what's photosynthetic when you're out in the woods you see ferns it's got the fronds underneath the fronds are the sori individual excuse me singular would be source and each soros has multiple sporangium the sporangia m-- are going to by meiosis produce haploid spores those spores are going to develop into a hermaphroditic ma Maneesha s-- there's another good vocabulary word Manisha's meaning one house which means that there's one structure that has male and female parts organism and it's going to have the antheridia which are the male part of the plant and it's also going to have the arch' Gonia which are the female part of the plant the archegonium will have the eggs the n3d will have the sperm we're going to rely on water so rain waters and Dew and going to firms like moss is going to need to be a wet environment so that the sperm can swim down into the archegonium fertilize the egg and start the whole process over