Broken Leg: Symptoms & Recovery

Overview

• A broken leg involves a fracture in one of the three leg bones: femur, tibia, or fibula.
• Severe trauma usually causes broken legs; surgery and casting may be needed for healing.
• Recovery takes several months, and physical therapy is often required.

Leg Anatomy

• Femur (thigh bone)
• Tibia (shin bone)
• Fibula (calf bone)

Types of Fractures

• By Shape or Pattern:
  • Transverse fracture
  • Oblique fracture
  • Spiral fracture
  • Segmental fracture
  • Comminuted fracture
  • Buckle (impacted) fracture
• By Cause:
  • Stress fracture
  • Avulsion fracture

Symptoms and Causes

Symptoms

• Visible deformity
• Swelling, discoloration, bruising
• Severe pain and tenderness
• Inability to move or use the leg
• Possible bone protrusion through skin

Causes

• Severe trauma (falls, car accidents, sports injuries)
• High-risk groups include athletes, elderly, and people with bone density issues (osteoporosis, osteopenia).

Diagnosis and Tests

• Physical Exam and Imaging Tests
  • X-ray: confirms fractures
  • MRI: assesses bones and surrounding tissues
  • CT scan: detailed images of bones and tissues

Management and Treatment

Immobilization

• Non-displaced fractures may require a cast or splint.
• Follow-up X-rays to check healing progress.

Surgery

• Often necessary for femur fractures.
• Open reduction with internal fixation is common, using metal plates, screws, or pins.
• Possible complications: Acute compartment syndrome, malunion, nonunion.

Prevention

• Wear seatbelts and appropriate protective gear.
• Keep environments clutter-free to prevent falls.
• Maintain bone health through diet and exercise.
• Consider bone density tests for those at risk.

Outlook / Prognosis

• Healing time varies based on the bone and severity.
• Physical therapy is crucial for regaining strength and mobility.
• Complete recovery can take several months to a year, especially for femur fractures.

Living With a Broken Leg

• Emergency care needed for intense symptoms or visible deformity.
• Important to follow medical guidance for safe movement and recovery.

Key Questions for Providers

• Which bones are broken?
• Is surgery necessary?
• Duration for wearing a cast and undergoing physical therapy?
• Timeline for resuming activities?

Additional Notes

• Broken legs are serious and require immediate medical attention.
• Walking or putting weight on a broken leg is not advisable unless advised by a provider.