Memory Formation and Retention

Introduction to Memory

• Vivid vs. Fading Memories
  • Difference in strength of memories (e.g., vivid memory vs. lunch 3 weeks ago)
  • Exploration into why some memories fade

Formation of Memories

• Process of Memory Formation
  • Experiences converted into electrical pulses traveling through neurons.
  • Short-term memory: lasts from seconds to a couple of minutes.
  • Long-term memory: involves hippocampus and various brain storage regions.
• Synapses and Neurotransmitters
  • Neurons communicate at synapses using neurotransmitters.
  • Repeated neuron communication increases efficiency - Long-Term Potentiation (LTP).

Memory Loss Factors

• Aging
  • Synapses weaken with age, affecting memory retrieval.
  • Brain shrinkage, particularly hippocampus losing neurons.
  • Decreased neurotransmitter production (e.g., acetylcholine).
• Memory Encoding
  • Stronger encoding when attentive, engaged, and information is meaningful.
  • Mental & physical health issues interfere with attention.
• Chronic Stress and Depression
  • Stress keeps body in hyper alert, impacting new memory formation.
  • Loss of brain cells due to stress chemicals affects retention.
  • Depression linked to 40% higher likelihood of memory issues.
  • Low serotonin levels reduce attention to new information.
  • Dwelling on past events affects storing short-term memories.

Social Interaction and Memory

• Isolation and Social Integration
  • Isolation linked to depression and memory decline.
  • Social engagement slows memory decline (Harvard School study).
  • Social interaction provides mental stimulation.

Steps to Preserve Memory

• Physical Activity
  • Increases blood flow to brain.
• Nutritious Diet
  • Provides necessary nutrients for brain function.
• Mental Challenges
  • Learning new skills (e.g., languages) strengthens memory retention.

Conclusion

• Ongoing maintenance of physical and mental health is crucial for memory preservation.