Blood Components and Their Functions

Overview

• The lecture aims to enable understanding of:
  • Different parts of the blood and their functions.
  • Uses and risks associated with blood products.

Components of Blood

1. Blood Plasma

   • Description: Liquid part of the blood.
   • Functions:
     • Transports dissolved substances around the body.
     • Transports:
       • Soluble digestion products (e.g., glucose) from the small intestine to other organs.
       • Carbon dioxide from body cells to the lungs.
       • Waste product urea from the liver to the kidneys for excretion.

2. Red Blood Cells

   • Function: Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells.
   • Adaptations:
     • Contain hemoglobin, which binds with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin.
     • No nucleus, providing more room for hemoglobin.
     • Biconcave disc shape for increased surface area, aiding rapid oxygen diffusion.

3. White Blood Cells

   • Role: Part of the immune system.
   • Characteristics:
     • Contain a nucleus with DNA encoding necessary instructions.
   • Functions: Involved in processes like making antibodies (more details to be discussed in future lessons).

4. Platelets

   • Description: Tiny fragments of cells.
   • Function: Assist in blood clotting.

Uses of Blood Products

• Blood Transfusions: Replace blood lost during injury.
• Platelet Transfusions: Aid in blood clotting.
• Proteins from Blood: Including antibodies for medical use.

Risks Associated with Blood Products

1. Blood Type Compatibility
   • Donated blood must match the patient's blood type to avoid the immune system rejecting it, which could be fatal.
2. Risk of Infection
   • Diseases can be transmitted through blood; however, in the UK, blood is screened to minimize risk.

Conclusion

• Understanding of blood components and their functions is crucial.
• Awareness of the uses and precautions necessary when dealing with blood products.

• Additional resources and exercises can be found in the revision workbook mentioned in the lecture.