Structural Isomers of C5H12 and C3H8O

Introduction to Structural Isomers

• Definition: Structural (or constitutional) isomers have the same number of atoms but differ in how these atoms are connected.
• Structural isomers differ in terms of their structure.

Structural Isomers of C5H12

1. First Isomer

   • Structure: Five carbons in a straight chain.
   • Verification:
     • Carbons: 5
     • Hydrogens: 12
     • Molecular Formula: C5H12

2. Second Isomer

   • Structure: Four carbons in a chain with one carbon branching off.
   • Verification:
     • Carbons: 5
     • Hydrogens: 12
     • Molecular Formula: C5H12

3. Third Isomer

   • Structure: Three carbons in a chain with two carbons branching off the central carbon.
   • Verification:
     • Carbons: 5
     • Hydrogens: 12
     • Molecular Formula: C5H12

• Note: Different drawings that appear distinct may actually represent the same molecule if the atom connections are identical.

Structural Isomers of C3H8O

1. First Isomer

   • Structure: Three carbons in a chain with an OH group on the second carbon.
   • Verification:
     • Carbons: 3
     • Hydrogens: 8
     • Oxygen: 1
     • Molecular Formula: C3H8O

2. Second Isomer

   • Structure: OH group on the first carbon in the chain.
   • Verification:
     • Carbons: 3
     • Hydrogens: 8
     • Oxygen: 1
     • Molecular Formula: C3H8O

3. Third Isomer

   • Structure: Oxygen atom breaks the carbon chain (ether structure).
   • Verification:
     • Carbons: 3
     • Hydrogens: 8
     • Oxygen: 1
     • Molecular Formula: C3H8O

• Note: Different positions of OH on the same chain do not create new isomers if the connections are identical.

Classification

• Alcohols: First and second isomers of C3H8O with OH groups.
• Ether: Third isomer of C3H8O where an oxygen interrupts the carbon chain.

Conclusion

• C5H12 has three structural isomers.
• C3H8O has three structural isomers. The first two are alcohols, while the third one is an ether.