Lecture on Intelligence

Definition of Intelligence

IQ (Intelligence Quotient): Measures intelligence using numerical scores.
Challenges in Definition: Intelligence is hard to define but generally seen as the ability to:
- Learn from experience
- Solve problems
- Use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

General Intelligence (G Factor):
- People who perform well in one area often do well in others.
- Suggests a single underlying ability.
Multiple Intelligences:
- Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory:
  - Analytical Intelligence: Academic problem-solving skills.
  - Creative Intelligence: Ability to deal with new situations and generate ideas.
  - Practical Intelligence: Ability to solve real-world problems.
- Emotional Intelligence: Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions effectively.

Fluid Intelligence:
- Ability to reason quickly and abstractly.
- Decreases with age.
Crystallized Intelligence:
- Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.
- Remains stable or increases with age.

Alfred Binet:
- Developed the first intelligence test to measure children's intellectual development.
Stanford-Binet Test:
- Adapted for different age groups; initially had issues with cultural applicability.
Cultural Bias:
- Ongoing efforts to make tests applicable across different cultures.

Heritability Studies:
- Use twin and adoption studies to determine genetic vs. environmental influence.
- Strongest IQ correlation in identical twins raised together.
Environmental Influence:
- No guaranteed way to create a genius through environment.
- Lack of language and social interaction impairs cognitive development.

Fixed Mindset: Belief that intelligence is static.
Growth Mindset: Belief that intelligence can improve with learning.
- Associated with greater motivation and success.