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What is the alternative projection for patients with kyphosis, to visualize the occipital bone?
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PA Axial Haas.
What are the open and closed mouth views important for in TMJ evaluation?
To assess the movement and possible dislocation of the temporomandibular joints.
What angulation is used in the Townes method for an IOML positioning of the mandible?
37 degrees.
In the PA Axial (Caldwell) projection for the skull, where should the petrous ridges be located?
In the lower third of the orbits.
What visualization techniques might be used to assist in remembering headwork positioning?
Techniques such as 'Malhala' or 'Hang Ten' for feature surges.
Why is upright positioning essential for sinus imaging?
To visualize air-fluid levels within the sinuses.
Why should phototiming be avoided in sinus imaging?
To prevent overexposure and ensure accurate diagnosis of sinus pathologies.
What are the two most frequently used positioning lines in head section procedures?
OML (Orbitomeatal Line) and IOML (Infraorbitomeatal Line).
When imaging nasal bones, why is the use of a non-grid preferred?
For improved visualization and detail of the thin nasal structures.
What type of view is essential for trauma situations when imaging the skull?
Cross-table lateral view.
What is the degree of angulation for oblique mandible views?
25-degree cephalic angle; 0 degrees for ramus, 30 degrees for body, 45 degrees for mentum.
What modification is made for an AP Axial Caldwell projection for trauma patients?
Central ray direction is adjusted based on whether the patient is positioned PA or AP.
What degree of angulation is used in the Towne method for an OML positioning?
30 degrees.
Which positioning line is used for a PA mandible projection?
OML (Orbitomeatal Line).
How is the Waters method positioned for imaging of facial bones?
Chin up with the MML in focus, petrous ridges should be in the lower third of the orbit.
Describe the 'TART' method used for zygomatic arches.
Turn Away, Rotate Towards.
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