[Music] power is held by individuals as well as by groups people tend to respond differently when they gain power although some people use power altruistically others use it for more selfish motives let's take a look at power in organizations power refers to a person or groups potential to influence another person or a group to do something that they would not otherwise do noted scholar David McClelland initially expected effective leadership to be grounded in their need to achieve but found that the real driver of a leaders performance was the leaders need for power or the desire to control and influence others or be responsible for others he found that an individual's power need could be directed positively if the leader could postpone immediate gratification and not act impulsively he later called this leadership motive pattern a high need for power with high impulse control and a low need for affiliation the leadership motive pattern is grounded in the need for power and is generally associated with high managerial performance most experts agree that there are seven types of power there summarized here from legitimate power of authority held to reward control over rewards coercive control over punishments expert control because of knowledge skill or ability informational control over information referent or subordinate respect and finally persuasive the ability to use logic and facts to persuade legitimate reward and coercive powers come from the position one's holds in an organization the level of these powers are greater for employees in higher organizational levels expert informational referent and persuasive powers are types of personal powers the levels of these powers depend on characteristics unique to each person [Music]