Lecture on Trans-Saharan Trade

Introduction

• Instructor out sick, presenting overview of Trans-Saharan trade.
• Tomorrow: Indian Ocean trade and major historical consequences of trade.
• Assignment: Read excerpts from Ibn Battuta's travels. Discussion on cultural experiences and historical figures like Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo.

Trans-Saharan Trade Overview

• Definition: Trade across the Sahara Desert.
• Challenges: Harsh climate conditions.
• Key Resources: Gold and salt.
• Significant Cities: Timbuktu.

Gold and Salt Trade

• Gold: Mined near the western coast of Africa.
• Salt: Harvested from Sahara salt flats.
• Importance: Salt is crucial for survival, akin to modern isotonic drinks.
• Trade Management: Rulers control gold output to manage inflation.

Silent Trade

• Briefly mentioned, akin to a silent auction.

Impact on Culture and Religion

• Islamic Influence: Spread of Islam in West and North Africa through trade.

Timbuktu

• Role: Central trade city at the intersection of gold and salt routes.
• Historical Impact: Captured by Mansa Musa of the Mali Empire, bolstering the empire's success.
• Cultural Influence: Mansa Musa promoted Islam by building mosques and schools.

Camels in Trade

• Reintroduction: Camels reintroduced to North Africa around 800 CE.
• Adaptation: Camels are well-suited to desert conditions ("ships of the desert").
  • Can carry large loads (up to 500-1000 pounds).
  • Long travel capability without water.
• Economic Impact: Increased trade volume and distance.
• Comparison: Camels outperform horses and donkeys in durability, capacity, and lifespan.

Ibn Battuta

• Background: Muslim traveler, former Qadi (Islamic judge).
• Observations: Recorded observations through Dar al-Islam.
  • Perspectives often Arab-centric.
  • Approved and disapproved various cultural practices.

Assignment

• Primary Source Review: Read Ibn Battuta's account in Mali.
  • Analyze what he approves/disapproves of.
  • Consider cultural and economic insights into the Mali Empire.

Conclusion

• Reminder to read and respond to provided questions.
• Class time free for assignments.
• Looking forward to discussing insights tomorrow.