[Laughter] hello class welcome to the module one of our biochemistry for medical laboratory science for today's lecture we will be discussing the introduction to your biochemistry but first let us define biochemistry biochemistry sometimes called biological chemistry it is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms it is also the science concerned with the chemical constituents of living cells and with the reactions and processes they undergo when we say biochemistry we're not only dealing with human beings we're also talking about the living organisms such as your plant such as your animals here plants by the dinpo and then the chemical processes happening inside our body includes the metabolism the absorption the breakdown of sugar the breakdown of proteins and then the principal classes of biomolecules in our biochemistry includes protein carbohydrates lipids and then the nucleic acids it is very important to take this in mind because it is next this is a meme that i saw in facebook when i said great school palantayo maryland i am basic knowledge when it comes to photosynthesis is that a plant or animal absorbs light it also absorbs carbon dioxide and uses water to produce oxygen in long basic lung but when we entered medical laboratory science so to give you a brief history of biochemistry this is one of the major breakthrough in biochemistry did you know louis pasture guys louis pasture said that fermentation is carried out by microorganisms such as your bacteria and then your yeast okay he said that fermentation fermentation fermentation is when your yeast converts your sugar to alcohol or your acid one good example mangabianate but in 1899 it was hans and edward buchner or buchner said that fermentation can indeed occur in free cell extracts human non-living cells so how did they prove it they made use of a pendulum so what they did was not grind silent yeast and then again product i yeast paste okay and then they fermentation can still occur so that made lobi pasture wrong and then in 1828 waller synthesized the first organic compound urea from inorganic compound schleiden and squan enunciated the cell theory louis pasture proved that microorganism caused fermentation mendel reported the principles of segregation an independent assortment of genes mishra or meisher discovered the dna bachner discovered the alcoholic fermentation in cell freeze extract and then newberg first used the term biochemistry it was also newberg proposed the biochemical pathway for fermentation and lastly michelis and menten developed the kinetic theory of enzyme action so biochemistry is the chemistry of living organisms in biochemistry chemical reactions are studied at the molecular level of organism living organisms have certain extraordinary properties and all of this can be interpreted in chemical terms the biochemistry or the biomolecules in our body doesn't only work its functions human chemical functions inside our body it can also serve as an indicator or marker to tell us that there is something wrong or there is an abnormality happening inside our body one good example is jung lipidnaten lipid can be used as an analyte for our lipid profile test and then the lipid profile test can detect or can tell us what is atherosclerosis atherosclerosis is characterized by the deposition of fatty materials in the wall okay in the blood vessel aorta and then accumulation it can lead to heart attack risk factor spoon attention includes too much intake of the cholesterol okay it can lead to heart attack or your atherosclerosis normally in the blood vessel while adapt build up build up some blood vessels fatty materials next the nucleic acid it can serve as a diagno it can diagnose the genetic diseases using the principle of pcr testing and then your proteins can tell you has something to do with an abnormality in the hemoglobin and then the hemoglobin is a protein okay hemoglobin is a type of protein do not forget so protein po imagine indicator name cycle cell anemia is impatient next carbohydrates it can use to detect the diabetes mellitus using your blood sugar testing biochemistry in our daily lives is that physicians are faced with biochemistry every day all diseases are associated with abnormalities in biochemistry because chemical functions and nana occur inside our body so our physicians face these challenges every day nutritionists evaluate the dietary needs based on biochemistry impact of human genome project and on biochemistry biology and medicine and lastly the pharmaceutical industry begins to the molecules technic or altered action of biomolecules so our biochemistry is applied in the clinical biochemistry repertoire including the biochemical test and then you want a specialized test nut and that can be found in the laboratory and then your biochemistry is applicable in diagnosing a patient biomolecules can serve as an analyte to detect human abnormalities nothing inside our body so biochemistry is not only applicable in human beings it can also be applied to the tech or to test our microorganisms such as bacteria so with these patterns and which type of bacteria it is including the genome the genus and the species of what type of bacterium presence a young specimen next let us now move forward to the general overview of our biomolecules biomolecules in bio meaning life and then the molecules human up happiness number one is your carbohydrates these are your sugars do not forget what are carbohydrates it is the most common organic molecule its function is it is the primary energy source of our body needs its elements include carbon hydrogen and oxygen and important and anatomically shown on carbon hydrogen in oxygen in our body it is one is to two is to one do not forget and then you're building black non-adding carbohydrates and monomer monomer is important chemical structure new single structure it is called the monomer of what makes up the chemical structure of that certain molecule in puyong bone where you're building black bone and adding carbohydrates is monosaccharides okay the glucose is the most common next polymer exam and nothing monomer building block polymer an example in polymer of your carbohydrates includes the polysaccharides and in an example i'm a starch glycogen cellulose and then the kaitine remember that your carbohydrates garlic cilantro food in the intake and that includes chocolate manga bread pasta fruits vegetables plants you might have plants marine cell and carbohydrates it's just that the cayenne balancing is a structure okay later on and then these are the sugars that make up your carbohydrates single sugar are your monosaccharides so single sugar example glucose and then fructose that can be found in your fruits it includes starch glycogen cellulose and titin it comprises of complex carbohydrates long chains so maramina sugar structure involved next these are the types of your polysaccharides it includes starch it is used for the energy storage of the plants in plants and then potatoes pasta and rice are starches for example in a massage and then they provide a quick form of energy for the body next the glycogen it is used for energy storage in animals do not forget that like glycogen is formed in the liver mahalaka puntanda antenna glycogen it is formed in the liver and it stores the energy or the carbohydrates these are more examples of your polysaccharides it includes cellulose it provides structural support in the plants but which can be found in the cell wall the chitin found in exoskeletons of atropods and then it is found also in the cell wall of some fungi number two biomolecule are your lipids or your fats when we're saying or when we're dealing with leafy lipids or fats the primary function of the lipid in your body is that it stores energy as well number one number two it insulates important function in lipids that it makes up the cell membrane of our cells so the bhakta when added it makes ups of billions of cells and in cells neon maritime cell membrane component numbers are cell membranes one good example of a mechanism of lipid in our body is humanity intermittent fasting so the intermittent fasting methodology lung duration or interval of hours [Music] [Music] it will use the ketone bodies instead of the glucose to get the energy okay so uh intermittent fasting levels blood ph level which is 7.35 to 7.45 so now increase or decrease when it comes to the ph of your blood ph level in blood okay the elements that comprises your lipids are carbon hydrogen and oxygen the monomer okay or the building block of your lipids is the glycerol and that long fatty acids the polymer includes phospholipids and then the triglycerides and then the example includes steroids cholesterol fats oils nuts waxes and it makes up the part of the cell membrane so important for young lipids it actually makes up the cell membrane next important lipids are hydrophobic hydrophobic episode begin water feeding and though they they do not dissolve in water even insoluble our dishwashing liquid contains surfactants that makes the lipid or that binds to the hydrophobic structure of your lipid and then it will make your lipid insoluble so it acquires lipid membranes as their outer coat through interactions with cellular membranes envelope viruses of soap it can destroy the cell volume and lipids so it will make the virus insoluble okay two examples of your lipids includes saturated and unsaturated the saturated are the bonds between all the carbons are single bonds it is solid at room temperature and then it is mainly from animal fats having your bacon grease and then the lard manga unsaturated lipids there are at least double or triple bond between carbons present and then it is liquid at room temperature and then it is mainly plant-based fats it includes olive oil the peanut oil as well as oily fish and then the sardines human omega-3 so in comparison to this mass healthy sea unsaturated compared to the saturated lipids okay do not forget lipids are hydrophobic they are insoluble in water and then the lipid structure it remember that the elements present in your lipid includes carbon hydrogen and oxygen and then the long strands of your carbon and hydrogen is called hydrocarbons do not forget next biomolecule are your proteins the basic function of our proteins includes the transport of molecules in and out of the cell so it's again peanut primary function and proteins the transport of molecules in and out of the cell also it controls the speed of chemical reactions and use used for growth and repair proteins make up the structure of living things it includes human hair nails skin bones muscle and lahar and govasa protein basically we're all made up of protein and then the elements that comprises your protein these are your carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen do not forget and then the monomer or the building block of our proteins are your amino acids and we have 20 different types of your amino acid the polymer includes the proteins and then we can get our proteins from algae means an egg and that example protein naming enzymes that control the reactions in the body they are proteins and then your antibodies these are classic examples of your proteins proteins can be found in our food intake that includes fish eggs and then the meat they are very rich in protein and in the protein structure you have to remember that the elements are comprising of carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and then the r groups represent one of the 20 amino acids so yuma amino acid mohammed sales structure so each amino acid has something different in that spot group last biomolecule are your nucleic acids these biomolecules are not necessarily from food yes we can get nucleic acids from the food but mainly our nucleic acids are embedded in our cell nanduna pusilla in our nucleus particularly there's a possibility in the huahana nucleic acids from the food the basic function of your nucleic acid includes it provides our genetic information and then it holds the instruction to make proteins okay for the reading assignments in your molecular biology central dogma of molecular biology or central dogma of life it holds the instruction to make proteins human nucleic acid okay the elements that comprises your nucleic acids are carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and then the phosphate group the building blocks of our nucleic acids are your nucleotides and then a nucleotide is made up of your sugar five carbon sugar okay the phosphate group and then the nitrogen base dna adenine thymine guanine and cytosine whereas for your rna meron lung cytosine and uracil okay and then the polymer of your nucleic acids are your dna which has the genetic code or the blueprint of our body and it contains the hereditary material the rna it is the recipe for protein and then your atp or your adenosine triphosphate it is the primary carrier of the energy into the cell to not forget and then this is the basic structure of your nucleic acid nucleotides [Music] chemical formula or chemical structure of the nucleic acid and other biomolecules and that concludes our discussion for today thank you and god bless