Pectus Excavatum: Symptoms and Causes

Overview

• Pectus excavatum is a condition where the breastbone is sunken into the chest, sometimes referred to as "funnel chest."
• The condition can affect heart and lung function if severe.
• Often visible at birth, the chest's appearance can worsen over time.

Symptoms

• A slight dip in the chest is common; in some, it deepens during puberty.
• Severe cases can compress the lungs and heart.
• Common symptoms include:
  • Fast or fluttering heartbeat
  • Chest pain
  • Loss of endurance
  • Shortness of breath
  • High-pitched breathing during exercise
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Frequent upper airway infections
  • Self-consciousness about chest appearance

Causes

• The exact cause is unknown, but may involve cartilage development.
• Possible genetic factors involved.

Risk Factors

• Family history of pectus excavatum
• Connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Genetic conditions such as Noonan syndrome or Turner syndrome

Complications

• Heart and Lung Issues:
  • Severe indent can limit lung expansion and heart function.
  • Symptoms: decreased exercise ability, shortness of breath, chest pain.
• Self-Image Concerns:
  • May result in poor posture, flared ribs, rounded shoulders.
  • Stress over appearance, avoiding activities that may expose chest.

Treatment

• Surgery can improve symptoms and appearance but may not be suitable for all.
• Alternatives include physical therapy and medical devices.

When to See a Doctor

• Consult a healthcare professional if symptoms are present or worsening, or if the chest's appearance becomes more pronounced.

For more detailed information, additional resources, and related treatments, consult medical professionals or visit Mayo Clinic's website.