Hello friends on behalf of e Academy I welcome you all in this session we are going to discuss about number systems and this is the part one of the series my name is Balaji sheshadri uh my WhatsApp number is uh 90429 14720 and you can reach me on uh eelectronics gmail.com so if you have any doubt on this video you can always reach me on either through WhatsApp or through uh email uh now let us get into the topic so on this session we going to discuss about number systems and there are uh few number systems uh one is uh decimal uh which we use uh day-to-day life and second one is binary which is used by the uh computers and electronic systems and uh third one is uh hexadecimal which is a uh shorter form of uh binary and third one is a symbol also we call it as a asky so let us it is not coming at the number system but still better uh we put it uh under the number system to make it uh easy to understand uh which this uh introduction so we start from what we know generally our concept is take you from known to unknown okay so what we know is decimal number system is a very we use day-to-day life but binary is the next one which we are going to use it on computers so let us try to uh understand uh what is binary and how to use it uh so let me uh move on to the board uh to explain on the board okay uh thank you and we will get into the board so before we start explaining about the uh number system uh we need to have a small discussion we everybody have a mother tongue from a birth we start uh hearing what my our parents and our friends relatives nowadays TV everything what they speak surround us we learned that from that we start speaking that language that's why we call we start thinking on that that's why we call that as a mother tun the same way we have a number system that's called uh Universal in the world all over the world uh it's spread all over the world at least even the language have different languages like English Chinese Hindi uh Tamil Korean German French everything but all over the world all of us humans are predominately using one number system how it spread all over the world that's a history but we all use a number system called decimal decimal number system is in our blood from birth after a few days everybody start teaching you how to count they start counting 1 2 3 9 then they move to 10 am I right that's a way we are learning number system so every everything we do very fast if you like to add 7 plus 6 you say 13 you do you do everything with this number system so fast for example I know uh Hindi or Tamil I travel from my native place to a Western Country for example UK or us there everybody predominantly speak English but I know my of mother if you have to be very short visit maybe maybe about a week or 10 days or uh month I'll try to manage there uh without uh learning that language uh using few few words here and there but I know that I migrated to us I'm going to live there for long time maybe maybe uh till the end lifelong I'm going to live with them then it is better I learn the language initially itself thoroughly that that's the way I can I can start taking the advantage of that land okay otherwise you don't take the advantage of land so uh the same thing here even though we are promly very good at decimal but today you know that everywhere digital economy digital TV digital money am I right digital is the world everywhere word that word dominates the whole world now uh that we understood what is digital everything in our Electronics lectures am I right uh we understood what is digital electronics and how it works everything how it does this miracle but that system uses totally a different language or number system why I call languages that system that digital system built a process like our brain that called microprocessor that microprocessor uses uh a language uh that language is you can call it as a uh binary language or machine language that if you call machine language the machine language uses only binary that is on and off your whole digital electronic system uses on and off which is not that in our system we have 10 fingers so we have uh we don't count from 0 to 9 we always count from 1 to 10 okay that is fine so uh those small small discrepancies between this decimal and binary we will discuss so in uh Decimal System we have 0 to 9 in binary system we have zero and one how are you going to manage how are you going to learn so better slowly steadily we understand the foreign number system because we are going to live with them for our life and that is going to give us huge treasure how fast how depth you understand this number system then you'll start understanding everything understanding the programming understanding networking how exactly things are transmitting how network is working how do things are saved in your uh uh uh SD card or hard disk how you are retriving everything how the micro processor works on uh uh so fast processing all all all linked to this binary system if you if you know binary system better you will understand the uh Digital Electronics better if you understand Digital Electronics better you will understand this number system better so that's why we have called this as a part one of the uh number system then we continue on the other part later now let us start into our known thing so we always have a concept of taking you from a unknown to known our known thing is decimal number system so now let us start with the decimal number system so I welcome you all to our board okay in our board we we try to explain this so we know from 1 to 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 normally when uh when you a kid they don't take zero but actually zero is there now now we are not kid we have gone so we have about 10 with this 10 symbols all symbols only there nothing but when I put a symbol like this uh you call four has been told you this symbol corresponds to four this symbol correspond to seven but now done 0 to 9 is over how do I go beyond 9 then people thought hey let us do uh very good so what happened instead of giving another symbols I can start giving so many symbols am I right is putting a symbol is not I can put some symbol for 10 for uh 11 I may give a symbol call for nine I may give a sybol call for 12 I'll give a simple call like this I can start giving symbols but uh people thought let us not do that I don't know how that history I I don't know so they somehow come out maybe it would have taken very long time for them we could understand very fast they think let us make this is a single digit then we make another digit so if I have a if I have only one number I write 0 to 9 on this 0 and up to 9ine on single digit now when I have it Beyond nine I'll make one more digit then Z one zero but this is a trick what they did was even though this is one the value of that digit is 10 okay so now this position is 10th position this position is one position this position is one position so they they given a value for every position now they had one more position they have a value for 100 and there's one more position they th000 so we have value for each position it may be having a same number each each one is having a same number okay then how do I value it that's the thing when I put one on the uh uh 10th position and zero on the one por then we call as 10 then we have a 100 on one on 100 position and zero on 10th position we say 100 but when we say one on the th000 POR zero on the PO we say th000 but in actual term we write like this 10 this 100 this a 1,000 so since we know everything as a uh decimal we love to see everything as decimal so everything has to be converted that's why we say if your mother T is uh uh English if you learn French you will try to convert that French into English Okay so so that's why I'm giving a little bit introduction about decimal even though you everybody know that still I have to give you the introduction because the same way you like to learn the binary so I'm trying to explain this and binary years almost same except the small differences so if I write a number here 2 5 6 3 you write 2,000 500 60 3 or you may put everywhere and 2, and 563 whatever we write Eng I'm right this this perfect now how do we do that we write if I have a number 2 into th000 + 5 into 100 + 6 into 10 + 3 into 1 because the one po so 2,000 + 500 plus 60 + 3 this so Beauty for us because this guy will occupy only the first digit so whatever is there I can write here very clearly and this will occupy always second position this will never go to the third one because there will be only one digit here you cannot write two digit here say this is five this will occupy only one por it's very easy for us so when I write 2563 you know 2,563 it is easy for you to write so you don't have any issue on this that that is advantage of the system because uh we have been use this system now I have a system which has only two numbers zero and one so in our case we have 0 to 9 then we move to 10 and it become two digit then 99 biggest then we go to 100 okay here we have zero smallest then 0 + 1 1 I don't have two at all because I have only zero and one then I go to 10 10 it's actually 10 then 11 12 is not there so I have 100 then 101 102 103 sorry 1101 am I right then you call th000 1,1 am I right but this will confuse you because if you say 0 1 and 10 you're confused because in your case 10 means 10 objects in this case one means one object one zero means two objects so how can be two objects can be 10 objects how it be equal so we do not call this as a 10 okay so how do you differentiate this that's a big problem I write 10 here see I am the only guy I know only decimal then no problem this a 10 now I have a one zero it's a binary or decimal then what we do here is we write here two we write here 10 is called decimal you you see I I know very well you know all this things I don't have any doubt I I to whom I'm discussing I know but there is some small Gap when when you move from here to Binary uh you take very lightly it's a okay fine I can do that but it does not uh help you when you wanted it that's why I I'm spending some time here so there is a first uh difference uh between your binary and decimal yes when I write nine we don't write 09 we write only nine we write we don't write 07 we only seven because we have been taught if there is a space is free which is assumed to be Zero by you all the prefix not the suffix it's the prefix all the prefix are zeros okay but in our uh binary system entire storage entire communication all are going through wires and things are stored in a boxes called memory they're all small problems the problem is there is a big difference in binary let's say I have a box of four I have three box that mean that I can I can store here 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 then one one one you have all the eight you cannot do that you cannot do more than this okay so when I write one here I always have to write 0 I cannot leave that space empty the empty meaning in binary is different than in decimal in decimal when I leave a box empty it means it is assumed to be zero in binary especially when they use this binary in electronics Electronics is the one which is used nowadays in computers also we build the computers using Electronics we we build computers using Electronics so whatever I say is good for both there if you leave a space empty that is called Don't Care don't care that is not called zero so if I say don't care mean that can be zero or one for example let us take a case there is a system in decimal if you say nine if I write you will automatically assume in the three boxes 0 0 you will assume is 0 09 but in our binary system if I say one on the uh first position it's called position the second and third position if you do not give anything then that position could be zero or one so see that what are the combination if I say this is a one you can have a 0 01 or 0 1 0 or 1 0 0 or 1 1 0 sorry one this is one this we have told so there are four combination so there's a confusion so you always have to write this this is the first difference between binary and decimal here you have to write everything as a there's a big difference here in decimal 0 09 is equal to 9 that's perfect this decimal in binary 001 is not equal to 1 okay you know that this is different this is different because here I say that is 01 in this case it could be 0 01 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 it could be anything that means that I don't bother the remaining two so with that introduction we s I'm just giving you what are all the small small differences also to make things different uh they use two different terminology in uh decimal we use the word digit in binary we use the word bit okay am I right here see we call digit here we call bit so if I have a five digigit number means 1 2 3 6 7 it's a 1 2 3 4 five digit this is 1 10 100,000 10,000 here it's a bit 1 1111 since it's binary this value is one as accepted but this value is not 10 this is two this value is four this value is eight this value is 16 now there's a problem okay I I I'll explain to you that more detail now so let us understand the second terminology difference in first one all the prefix or the leading zeros we don't use it in decimal in binary you need to use it okay in uh decimal we call digit in binary we call this a bit the actual problem came was I love to see everything as decimal please understand I love to see everything as decimal now if I write here 1 2 5 6 you know very clearly this is th000 1,000 this is 200 5 T and 6 ones that's very clear 1 into th000 Plus 2 into uh 100 + 5 into 10 plus 6 into one you know that because that's the way you have designed your system you your system is designed for decimal and you live with that suddenly if I say that hey take me the binary if you write here one 0 1 1 that's all I call one one1 but you don't accept it now because you are in decimal World your mother tongue is decimal your mother number system is decimal so what you say you tried because you so many years you lived with that mother number system you love to understand this as a dismal I've gone man I cannot I cannot write like that so easily now I cannot say that you know what thing this is one two 48 okay you can say this is oh8 + 04s + 1 2s + 1 1 is equal to 8 + 0+ 2 + 1 so you have 11 so this number is equal to 11 in decimal if I write like this in binary this is in decimal I wish I wish you people practice this by heart sometime we have to do something by heart memorize okay we need to do something like that that will help us a lot same way here generally we call this is a 10 every position we give a value in decimal 10 power 1 10 square 10 Cube 10 power 4 10 any any number of digits now you say here 7 8 9 10 sorry 3 2 1 you write here 7 into 10^ 5 + 8 into 10^ 4 + 9 into 10^ 3 + 3 into 10 s + 2 into 10^ 1 + 1 into 1 10^ 0 you can write zss 7 fall into 1 followed by so many zeros that's easy because five that's the way we have organized eight see that's a problem man we know mother decimal that's our number system on our blood and we want everything else to be same way am I right the same way I I know my mother tongue Tamil I want every language to be same way that's a way that's a way we want it otherwise we say that oh that language does not have no man why should I have that thing so as a human being I want the other person to be like me these are all our characteristics we built now you say 8 10 power 4 1 0 0 0 0 plus 9 into + 3 into + 1 into 1 so if you add it 7 8 9 3 2 1 so you got it so easily now let us take the same thing in binary how do we do that that that's the beauty of our system if you could up the same thing in binary so fast I say one one 0o I cannot write seven sorry 1 0 1 1 0er this is 2 power 0 because binary 2^ 1 2 S 2 Cub 2^ 4 2^ 5 2^ 6 now this 2^ 0 is 1 2^ 1 is 2 2 square is 4 8 16 32 64 128 so if you do the thing here 1 into 1 128 + 1 into 64 plus forget about zero is all zero so 1 into 16 + 1 into 4 + 1 into 2 128 + 64 + 16 + 4 + 2 192 + 16 is equal to 1 sorry 208 Plus + 4 212 + 2 240 it's a big process it's a big process it takes longer time for you but if you learn it by hard if I give you any number if I give you any number like this what I wish you to do after seeing the video is this keep on practicing from 00 0 to 11 one one one so it's from 0 to 255 this will help you if you write this number 1 0 0 this is8 you know that because this is 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 128 so easy in off of here I write 1 one 0 0 0 so you see 128 + 64 192 finish then you write here 0 1 0 0 64 like that so if if let's say if if I give this numbers clear see that now if you right at least you start doing this faster one one 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 don't don't think take it light this that's what I'm telling we know that is easy but practice it it has to be a by heart even even night 12:00 when they wake you up you should able to give an answer never say no because you are getting into the electronics world if you wanted to spend I I give you another example now what happens in our uh system 16 0000 sorry 1 00000000 6032 0 1 0 0 0 64 1 0 0 0 128 this simple then you add any number to anything anyone uh done okay you add this one and one and you add it so uh don't don't uh take this as a very light and this is very important please before we move on to part two before we move on to part two at least you do this for about few days and practice any number if I write 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 by heart see that how I'm doing 128 192 uh plus 32 224 and 16 uh 8 224 + 8 is 232 234 this itself is slow you should do it very fast I the reason this is it will save lot of your time while learning the uh electronics otherwise you'll be wasting lot of time every time uh you try to convert it uh it's wrong so you you need to be so fast but I'm expecting you to do only addition maximum number is 128 okay so this is the uh easy way of uh representing you can go beyond that see if not only 8bit man you can go beyond that then it become 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,24 2048 40 96 it goes like this any number okay don't don't uh worry about that that uh everything we'll discuss see uh the the goal of this uh number system program is to make you thoroughly understand you should not have even a 1% doubt on this number system you should able to do it so fast otherwise see this is a why I've taken this as a separate session for you is uh most of us think it is very simple we just leave it but unfortunately uh that is the one which is affecting us okay so uh uh with this let me uh close the part one of the number system I have given only a 8 bit okay from 1 to 128 8 bit 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 within eight bit if you give any number you should able to because next topic and I go uh I'll go faster okay so that uh if you don't understand you have to go back so I just giving you the uh a warning well ahead come to part two with a good preparation of your 8bit binary I wanted you to understand only about 8 bit binary I don't want more than that let us be very clear okay first you do with four bit uh 0 1 2 4 then uh move to 8 bit or you can put one four bit 5 bit six bit 7 bit is as you wish I I I do not wanted to get into your methodology of learning but and some of you may be knowing this very clearly it doesn't matter but I tell you uh this number system topic will go for few series but they all very important how how exactly your memory is organized okay what is exactly called memory map in a micro processor how controllers are getting access by micro processor how your software is accessing this everywhere ultimately things are handled in the system is one side binary other side decimal we get confused that confusion uh have to be removed from your mind that's why I have taken a special Care on taking this number system uh system and thank you we will meet once again on the part two of the number system okay thank you well thanks for attending this session thank Ling the section thank you bye