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Male Reproductive System Physiology Overview
Oct 8, 2024
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Lecture Notes: Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Overview
Focus on spermatogenesis (sperm production) and hormones regulating male reproductive functions.
Spermatogenesis
Basics of Cell Division
Somatic Cell Division (Mitosis):
Produces two genetically identical cells.
Used for replacing dead/injured cells and tissue growth.
Reproductive Cell Division (Meiosis):
Produces gametes (sperm and eggs).
Reduces chromosome number by half.
Process of Spermatogenesis
Takes 65-75 days.
Spermatogonia:
Stem cells with 46 chromosomes (2n).
Some remain as a reservoir for future sperm production.
Primary Spermatocytes:
Also have 46 chromosomes.
Undergo DNA replication before meiosis.
Meiosis Stages:
First Phase:
Formation of secondary spermatocytes each with 23 chromosomes (1n).
Second Phase:
Formation of spermatids, each with 23 chromosomes.
Spermiogenesis:
Transformation of spermatids into sperm.
Development of acrosome, flagellum, and mitochondria.
Sperm released into lumen of seminiferous tubules.
Hormones Regulating Male Reproductive Functions
Hormone Secretion
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH):
Secreted by hypothalamus.
Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Hormonal Functions
Luteinizing Hormone (LH):
Stimulates secretion of testosterone from interstitial cells.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH):
Indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis.
Works with testosterone on sustentacular cells to secrete androgen-binding protein.
Testosterone:
Produced by testes (interstitial cells).
Stimulates spermatogenesis, development of male reproductive system, secondary sexual characteristics, and sexual behavior.
Androgen-Binding Protein:
Keeps testosterone concentration high in blood for spermatogenesis.
Inhibin:
Released when sufficient spermatogenesis occurs.
Inhibits secretion of FSH.
Effects of Testosterone
Before birth: Development of male reproductive ducts and testes descent.
At puberty: Enlargement of male sex organs and development of masculine characteristics (e.g., muscle growth, voice deepening).
Adulthood: Influences sexual behavior and libido.
Summary Table
Lists major hormones, site of production, and functions.
Next Lectures
Focus will shift to female anatomy and reproductive physiology.
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