Lecture Notes: Statement of the Problem in Research Paper

Introduction

• Importance of the statement of the problem (SOP) in research papers.
• Acknowledgement of challenges faced by student researchers.
• Purpose of the session: to provide a step-by-step guide on writing the SOP.

Definition of Statement of the Problem (SOP)

• According to CW Authors (2021), SOP defines and describes:
  • Research hypothesis or questions.
  • Broad method to solve the problem.
• A well-formulated SOP sets the stage for the study, including:
  • Addressing the problem.
  • Anticipated outcomes or answers.
• Importance of a clear SOP:
  • Sharpens focus for research.
  • Helps in writing the rest of the study.
  • Enables readers to grasp key issues addressed by the research.

Components of the SOP

General Problem

• Defined as the main research problem or core issue.
• Formulated in declarative sentences.
• Example: "This study aims to determine the effects of peer tutoring as a strategy to improve the reading fluency of grade 11 and 12 students at Santa Maria National High School."

Specific Problem

• Comprised of research questions.
• Phrased in question form.
• Aims to address issues identified in the general problem.

Research Title Example

• Title: Peer Tutoring Effects on Reading Fluency of Senior High School Students.
• Main Research Problem: Determining the effects of peer tutoring on reading fluency among senior high school students.

Development of Research Questions

• Identify key variables:
  • Peer Tutoring
  • Reading Fluency
• Research questions should be:
  • Contextualized to the study.
  • Focused and specific.

Conclusion

• Emphasis on the importance of a well-structured SOP.
• A reminder for researchers to ensure clarity and context in their research questions.
• Encouragement for students to continue developing their research skills.