good morning everyone I'm Diana and I'm the marketing communications manager at your site on behalf of the company I would like to thank you for joining us today in our SATCOM 101 webinar which will serve as a great introduction to the key principles of satellite communications if you're new to the industry such as myself this presentation will definitely help deepen your knowledge on sat-comm and its products I'm delighted to introduce our presenter today Rob Rico our regular customer service engineer norsu with over 15 years of experience on satellite communications Rodrigo has participated in multiple projects deploying and installing satellite terminals and antennas for their use in fields such as broadcast military and emergency services he's responsible for north SATs customer service team providing technical support training and on-site implementation he has a Bachelors of Science degree in electronics and communications engineering we'll begin with the presentation by Rodrigo after which we'll open the floor for Question and Answer please use the question box in your control panel to submit your questions throughout the webinar and we'll address them at the end just a few housekeeping items before we start if you're currently not subscribed to a newsletter please do so to see up to date with our latest news webinars product launches and company news you can subscribe by filling out the subscription form on our website wwsz comm we also welcome your feedback on our webinars as we're always looking to improve them and cover new topics that would interest you so please complete our short survey which will be sent out to you after the webinar now without further ado or rito aguilar good morning and thank you for joining us today in our satellite communications 101 webinar where we will cover the fundamentals of satellite communications and SATCOM systems my name is Rodrigo Gila and I will be glad to provide you this session today the topics we will be covering today are an introduction to satellite communications where we will explain what satellite communications are and their advantages and disadvantages then we will move on to the fundamental mechanics of how settler communications work later on we will explain the different frequencies and bend satellite communications views after that we will talk about earth stations and the multiple components used on those type of communications and last but not least will cover some of the key considerations to look out for when selecting your satellite terminals and components let's get started let's begin by defining what is a satellite a satellite is an object in space that circles around a larger object an artificial satellite is an object has been intentionally placed into orbit for communication purposes their main function is to retransmit any signal today receive back to earth allowing long-distance communications the satellite will only retransmit signals without modifying the original message this mean that the satellite will not provide any additional security the information security has to come from the signal source the most common types of applications for satellite communications include voice and telephone television and radio broadcast data for network and internet access navigation and Global Positioning Systems scientific research and meteorology for both commercial and military industries there are multiple classifications for satellite the most common classification is by the orbit that they operate an orbit is the path of a celestial body or an artificial satellite that circles around another body the basic orbit types are classified depending on their altitude the closest orbit to earth is the low-earth orbit satellites in this orbit travel relatively fast remain in orbit and circle around Earth about every 90 minutes examples of objects in this orbit are the Hubble telescope and the International Space Station a little bit further one is the medium Earth orbit they travel slower close to 12 hours per revolution around Earth navigation systems like GPS GLONASS and Galileo satellite systems operate in this orbit geosynchronous and geostationary orbit have an altitude that synchronizes with the Earth's rotation the only difference is that geostationary remains on the same plane as the equator while geosynchronous can have some inclination where the object appears on the same position in the sky every 24 hours satellite on a geostationary orbit are the most commonly used and what this webinar will be mainly focused the farthest orbit is the high Earth orbit which are usually dedicated for scientific research applications some advantages of using satellite communications is that the cost is independent of the distance between earth stations it does not really matter how far away the two earth stations are the cost will not increase due to its distance this flexibility makes satellite communications a viable solution for some applications like oil and mining industries also satellite communications can help reduce the cost compared to building long and complex land lines with other technologies like cable and fiber for remote locations additionally some short-term applications like events or temporary installations can involve a big investment that cannot be cost effective for the short amount of time they last news and sport events are a typical example of short-term installations that use this advantage of satellite communications mobility is another great advantage portable terminals offer great flexibility to deploy and move an earth station very quick SATCOM on the move also offer a reliable link for ground maritime and airborne vehicles that are constantly moving even more satellite communications are highly adaptable and versatile nowadays switching changing or adding services might involve a very small investment on the other hand some of the major disadvantages of this technology is the high cost of specialized equipment that satellite communications use especially for short distances other types of technology like cable terrestrial or fiber communications will have a lower cost another disadvantage is the limited frequency spectrum that satellite communications can provide and that once they reach full capacity they cannot be upscaled satellite communications are also susceptible to electromagnetic interference or EMI power lines that generate powerful electromagnetic fields or other terrestrial communications in the same frequency range can significantly affect cellular communications one example that is discussed nowadays is 5g where the frequency range overlaps with satellite c-band range also cellular communications are highly susceptible to some environmental conditions microwaves can be absorbed by moisture rain or snow reducing the performance of the link solar outages are another phenomenon where the radiation of the Sun interferes with the signals used in satellite communications fortunately they only occur twice a year around the spring and fall equinox now let's talk about how satellite communications work the concept is to create a channel between a source and a recipient this point are called earth stations or ground stations the source will transmit a signal that the satellite will rebroadcast back to earth for the recipient to receive that signal some applications only use a one-way path where a single source will send to one or more recipients this technique can be used for broadcast and multicast communications an example is satellite television where the TV station will send a TV channel over the satellite with multiple subscribers receiving it also there are some applications that use two-way communication where both air stations transmit a signal to each other on a point-to-point communication network data is a great example where both our stations transfer information to each other creating a connection between the two networks this is normally used for internet and Internet connectivity on some locations where other technologies are not easily accessible the basic function of an earth station is to transmit and receive signals to a satellite the signal that is transmitted to a satellite is called uplink and a signal received by an earth station is called downlink due to atmospheric conditions such as rain and snow the signal can be weakened to compensate for this loss the earth station must amplify the signal before it is transmitted and once it is received additionally to maximize the power transmitted to the satellite the energy of the signal is focused on a narrow beam to achieve this highly directional beam satellites and earth stations uses antennas with parabolic geometry the point of source were more specific the feedhorn is placed at the focus of the parabola to direct radio waves in one particular direction the radio waves bouncing the reflector which is made of a reflective material normally is made of metal or a metal layer with other components to make it lighter the antenna provides a gain that is proportional to the size of the reflector and the wavelength of the signal used the bigger the antenna or the higher the frequency the greater the gain there are different types of antennas depending on the shape of the reflector or dish and the position of the feed the most common ones are front feed and offset feed a satellite consists of multiple subsystems that allow it to operate and provide services throughout its expected lifetime one of the most important ones is the communication subsystem that consists of segments of bandwidth that are called transponders their primary function is to receive amplify filter and rebroadcast the signal there's also an additional conversion in a satellite that avoids interference between uplink and downlink signals now let's talk about how the information from the air stations is transported through space this is achieved through an electromagnetic wave this consists of a synchronized oscillation of electric and magnetic field they are normally measured by its frequency or wavelength this artificially generated radio waves are used on many types of applications such as fixed and mobile radio broadcast radar navigation systems and many more polarization is the property of an electromagnetic radiation in which the direction and magnitude of a vibrating electric field is propagated in a specific way in satellite communications are used two types linear polarization with horizontal and vertical component and circular polarization with left-hand and right-hand component this property allows to use the same frequency twice in the same satellite without interfering each other this is called reuse of frequencies and allows to double the bandwidth capacity of the satellite depending on the frequency that the earth station operates the signal can be categorized in bands the ones used in cellular communications are C band between 4 & 8 gigahertz is firmly used for voice and data communications because of its weaker power it requires a larger antenna usually above 1.8 meters however due to the lower frequency range it performs better under adverse weather conditions on the ground X band between 8 and 12 gigahertz is used mainly for military communications and wideband global SATCOM systems with relatively few satellites in orbit in this band there is a wider separation between adjacent a satellite making it ideal for SATCOM move applications this band is less susceptible to rain fate than the kayuu band due to the lower frequency range resulting in a higher performance level under adverse weather conditions kayuu band 10 to 18 gigahertz is typically used for consumer direct to home access decent learning applications retail and enterprise connectivity the antenna sizes ranging between 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters are much smaller than seventh because a higher frequency means the higher gain can be achieved with a smaller antenna size networks in this band are more susceptible to snow and rain fade especially in tropical areas ka-band between 26 and 40 gigahertz is primarily used for a two-way consumer broadband and military networks Kayvan dishes can be much smaller and typically range between 60 centimeters and 1.2 meters transmission power is much greater compared to the C X or cube and beams due to the higher frequencies of this band it can be more vulnerable to signal quality problems caused by snow and rain fade now let's talk about earth stations and its components there are different types of earth stations fixed air stations are installed on a permanent or a temporary location portable terminals or fly ways are compact transportable earth stations that can be packed transported and deployed easily satellite communications on the move are normally referred to a vehicle that is equipped with a satellite antenna that can establish and maintain a satellite communication link while the vehicle is moving this vehicle could be a ground maritime or airborne the most used component in satellite communications are you laters the modulators and modems that transforms digital information into signals that can be transmitted through space they use a generic band L band that allows them to be compatible with any satellite band on a particular application another component are amplifiers such as block up converters or box that will convert the frequency from the generic band to a specific satellite band and amplified a low-noise block or LM B will do the opposite converting a downlink frequency in a specific band to a generic band or L band that the modulators and modems work filters are important components that will allow to reduce interference from undesired signals as well as providing the polarization of an earth station another component is the reflector that can provide better performance or portability depending on the material construction and size in a particular application earth stations normally consist of an outdoor unit and indoor unit and an inter-facility link an outdoor unit or ODU are components or subsystems that are installed in an outdoor location this normally are designed or enclosed to be weather resistant an inner unit or IDU are the components or subsystems of an earth station installed in an indoor location or weatherproof shelter the inter-facility link or IFL is the cable system that connects the outer unit with the indoor unit the components normally found in an outer unit are the reflector that is oriented to the satellite the antenna base that provides support to the rest of the outer component the feedhorn which is the gate where signals come in and out of the terminal filters that reduce interference and filter signals with specific polarization allenbys and box the outdoor unit can be motorized to automate the motion of the antenna for satellite acquisition and tracking purposes this mean the terminal can point and keep the antenna oriented to a satellite automatically the control of a motorized antenna is done by the antenna control unit or ACU normally located in the indoor unit also the outdoor unit can be used without motors to reduce size and weight where the operator needs to move the antenna mechanics by hand the orientation of an antenna is measured in three angles elevation reference to the horizontal plane polarization reference either in the horizontal plane in the linear polarization or the direction of the signal spin in circular polarization and azimuth reference to the geographical north known as true azimuth or to the magnetic north known as magnetic azimuth motorized antennas can have three motors to control the movement of the antenna in azimuth elevation and polarization in manual antennas the operator must do the adjustments on this angle by hand some systems may have software to assist with the calculation of the looking angles to a specific satellite or the operator has to use handheld instruments like compass and inclinometers to know the azimuth elevation and polarization position of the antenna has mentioned the inner unit contains equipment that are indoors or in a shelter that are not designed to be weatherproof these are normally modulators demodulators satellite receivers modems or tracking devices this devices are normally rack mounted and installed inside a building or in a temperature-controlled group in the case of portable antennas this endo unit can be a portable rack that can be transported with the antenna but still requires a shelter or a weatherproof location nearby the antenna when it is in operation digital audio/video encoders and network components like laptops or network routers are normally connected to a modulator or a modem typically through an IP connection the IFL is the cable system or group of cables that connects between the outer unit with the indoor unit they normally transport signals for the uplink or from the downlink monitor and control signals to remotely control the outer equipment and monitor status in case of failures afl's can also include a power line that can energize any outdoor equipment it requires an external power source this diagram illustrates the components that process and converts the information throughout the full path in a communication link the information is converted by a modulator to a generic band in particular El band before it is transmitted to the satellite then the signal is converted to a higher frequency and amplified in one of the satellite bands by the buck for example from El band to Caleb and the output signal goes through some filters to reduce interference and add the polarization and then the antenna will send a signal to the once the signal is received by the earth station it is processed the same way but in reverse order the signal is filtered amplified and the frequency is converted to a generic band in this case L band by a low-noise block or L and B and finally converted by a demodulator or solid receiver to recover the original information there are other components in the market known as op converters and solid-state power amplifiers abbreviated SSP a that can do the two main functions of the buck the frequency conversion and amplification separately depending on your application it might require using them instead of a buck another similar case is the LMB where the amplification and frequency conversion can be done by a low noise amplifier and a block downconverter respectively modems is a combination of a modulator and at the modulator within the same device in order to determine the adequate equipment for a specific link it is required a link budget a link budget is a summary of all the power gains and losses that a communication signal experiences in a telecommunications system this summary is used to ensure that the information received by an earth station has an adequate level to recover the information properly gains are obtained from components such as amplifiers and antennas and losses are obtained for cabling filters and atmospheric propagation a link budget can help to determine the amount of amplification bandwidth and parameters required for a specific application if we take a look to the graph shown it starts on the left hand side with a modem output level then the signal has a loss through the IFL depending on the distance and the quality of the cable after that it gets amplified by a buck in the outer unit the reflector will provide an additional gain depending on the size and the band use the signal has a loss traveling through the atmosphere the satellite will provide again to the signal and rebroadcast it back to earth the signal will have an additional loss on the downlink path the antenna and the LMB in the outer unit will provide a gain to the received signal the IFL will have an additional loss resulting on the final signal level that the satellite receiver the modulator or modem will get things to consider is the sensitivity or minimum signal level that these devices can operate and add a safety margin to ensure proper reception in case of an additional unforeseen losses finally let's talk about some basic considerations that can help you selecting the right product when buying terminals it is important to keep in mind the frequency band and range that the terminal will be operating different countries and regions use different frequency ranges the type of application whether if it's going to be fixed or mobile and any special requirements like output power or reflector size also some operations will require to find satellites automatically with motorized mechanics instead of the operator manually point the antenna to the satellite another important thing to consider is the size of the terminal and how portable it is flyaways are small and portable that are suitable for emergency and short-term event fix antennas normally our larger terminals which provide better performance but require a permanent distillation when buying box it is important to consider the frequency band and range of the system is going to be installed also the gain and output power according to the calculations in the link budget some applications will have additional requirements such as power consumption or foreign factor especially if they will be installed in vehicles or must comply with a specific certification for the LM B's the frequency band and range of the system is important also there are other parameters like gain frequency stability phase noise and if the reference they use to make the frequency conversion is external or internal this concludes the presentation of our webinar now we will open the panel for question panel for questions I'm rod so thank you very much for that enlightening presentation now we're gonna open the floor up for Q&A so I welcome everyone to submit their questions through the question control panel to your right so the first question we have is on slide 14 in your diagram you have a photo of OMT can you please explain what that is and what it what it does you rod I think you have to unmute yourself you're on mute okay Thank You Dana I'll go back slide 14 it mentions the Oh empty I think it's like 30 okay and Ont is and it stands for ortho mode transducer it basically provides the polarization of the system it's a filter that it's attached to the feed horn and this basically splits the polarization with that the system is using in this case the photo that we have is for linear polarization where it split the horizontal and vertical polarization so one port is going to be one polarization and the other port is the other the circle one that is facing to the front is the one that is attached to the feet one okay how many years does it take for an lnb to be considered aged how often should you be changing the allenby for example after how many years that depends from manufacturer to manufacturer depending on what type of electronics and the technology used if the electronics are more refined the expected mean time between failure it's going to be much longer and also depending on the environmental conditions and distress the electrical stress that the unit is normally used normally manufacturers can provide an expected lifetime and provides a warranty based on that but if with proper maintenance and with proper care they can last many many years the next question is how does that reflect or look like the reflector well mostly the reflectors just the round portion that it is in an antenna and it's basically it's a reflective electromagnetic surface that will hold electromagnetic waves are going to be bounced against that surface it's most of the time a their circular degradation is it distributed evenly but also it can have multiple or different shapes depending on the pattern of how the electromagnetic waves are provided by the feet or depending on the the wavelength at the scene is there one common Alvin Elbe and it's commonly a range between around one one between one and two gigahertz and common devices like modems and you see if they use this band regardless of which transmission band is going to be used in the system it is you provide some flexibility when using modems they don't have to be specialized 4k you ban or a/k/a them they can give this generic band and there are devices like block of converters box that will provide the conversion to a specific satellite them are there multiple modem protocols and if so is there a modern technical reason for this for example could there just be one depending on that there are multiple standards that follows telecommunications there depending on which ones uses this they have the TVB and we have new tech but these ones they have their own standard and depending they have more advantages and disadvantages on using them obviously the intent is to have more food with less bandwidth and less power but definitely different standards can can provide the different advantages depending with the application I understand that Norris that produces a filter to avoid interference from future to rest your l5g please explain how it works we actually had recently a webinar 5g and this definitely explains a little bit more in depth completely different topic but the main intention of having the this product is to have the lmv combined with a bandpass filter that can help reduce the interference from 5g interference the advantage is to have a combined solution in one product if you have an old kayuu band system what are the components to change to move to a cake system normally the the the reflector is probably nothing it's not gonna change both bands can work with the same factors especially if you're going on a higher frequency the requirements for a larger reflector is is it's not a problem it's actually ka-band will require a small dish or if you have already a reflector it's gonna have much higher gain probably the box and the LMB are going to be changed to one for that specific band and filters and weight that's associated with it can I device that handles can you ban also be used for ka similar to the question the previous question yes the reflector and anything attached to the operator and downconverter yeah the modems certainly can still be used it's mostly the LMB the park and resuscitator I saw the term SSP a and can you comment on what the acronym means SSP a is a type of amplifier it stands for solid-state power amplifier and within amplifiers for this high frequencies then normally there are different types like fashion to TW ta but SSP is a particular one that based on an sister and there's a an advantage that visibles can be very very compact and also the power consumption could be much less than the other type of technology do you need to use a noise rejection filter for circular ka system depending if you have earrings but certainly if you like your calculation and unless budget and like a study if you have any kind of interference or something external that can affect certainly filters and help to reduce on the side signal I mean what cases would you need a rejection filter there are some times with the terrestrial communications we'll have much higher power than the signals are received on telecommunications and those ones will basically cover these signals and also though these type of communications can produce harmonics for experienced our out of the band that can interfere with put the band on satellite communications filters rejection filters will help to reduce them also within the same system the power of the buck is much much higher than the signal received this is using the same feed line they might require a transmission reject filter to reduce the amount of power that is unique between the transmitter and the receiver how do you know our extensity the manufacturer of the modems or the receiver will provide you the minimum requirement in order for we cover the information looking for the specifications they normally come with a minimum and depending on this signal coding and all the parameters of the signal that it's transmitted there's a correlation between sensitivity and the oldest characteristics of the signal that will help you to decide which is the minimum but we can that we can have I understand how the antenna is positioned for a Z and yell can you explain in general how the antenna is positioned for polarization there are tools online that can help you get the calculations ISM all three angles as elevation and polarization are a mathematical formula and I think as mentioned the polarization is reference to the horizontal point of course the satellite because the geographical position of the terminals and the orbital position of the satellites are not completely aligned that's where you have you have to kill your fertilization in order to align to the horizontal plane of that satellite for a frequency band that had been selected how can we determine the diameter of the antenna sorry can you repeat that one of you for a frequency band that has been selected how can we determine the diameter of the antenna the antennas the manufacturer of the antenna will provide you the gain the antenna for a particular frequency my question is on slide 11 the satellite frequencies in bands can these be utilized at the same time on the same ID you and ODU there are antennas that can have beats with multiple field multiple bands yes they can exist and but if there's a limitation because it takes some space normally is recommended or you will see that antennas will have one band specific and can be used to transit receive or receive both authorizations at the same time um here's another question relating to 5g and for all of you have questions about 5g I highly urge you to check out our 5g webinar that our chief scientist Mike shefter delivered couple weeks ago and it's available on our website this question is with 5g coming soon to North America if you talk about the 5g filter that will be needed to be able to still receive signals from sea bad and also do you anticipate a lot of currency bad signals to move to K you ban and also moving also more moving to AG VC and pick five h.265 okay I think this mixed definitely well for 5g which operates in 3.5 gigahertz and it's going to start interviewing more air stations leaving c-band yes the because it's only a portion of the c-band and because of the power it can start to interfere with the the rest of the sieve and portion bandpass filter can reduce any excessive power that it's making into the satellite antenna the rest I think it's mentioned something about HC 60 to 65 this is not technically related to telecommunications its moral coding the video encoding but certainly that's just data and as long as it's digital and motive can be can transmit it on any band for communication what are some of the factors that determine a low oscillate a Sicilian or stability and does ll stability differentiate with the LMB prices yes the ELMO stability is basically how much range is the down conversion and how stable is the down conversion between the downlink frequency and the elbe and the tighter it is or the more refined electronics that there is required to to be to have a better down conversion of course that is associated with the price of the LMB applications with very very small bandwidth will require a much higher higher elo stability to lock to that signal the larger the bandwidth that they can allow away with more range to to oscillate over don't doesn't require to have that tight little stability you know to block to that signal is the expand antenna larger than the K Yubin antenna a little bit but on this slide it not necessarily is that if you will require a large antenna but you will definitely have more gain in K you band then expand or on the other way around you want the same gain yes you will can achieve it with a smaller antenna okay how can we eliminate or reduce whether interference in K you ban well you can't avoid weather effects on signals but certainly you can run your link budget exercise and consider best and worst-case scenario and still cover a margin on those scenarios to make sure that you have a good and reliable lake um next question is what products does Northside offer we invite you to go to our website we have between for the satellite terminals we have LME's box being for certainly there's a large catalog and our website and with many different types of specifications characteristics and unappreciated at one of our sales representatives will be more than glad to assist you how do you different differentiate that on the use between an SSP a and TW ta TW TAS are can be rack-mounted but they still use some sort of vacuum tube they tend to be much bigger as this pas as I mentioned they use electronic components and transistors that will allow it to be much more compact or the same output power for Norris a KA buck what is the max power and do we can we offer a customized product with higher gain or remove box stage to be waveguide ka input yes we do customization on products I'm not mistaken a catalog 50 watts okay the one that we offer but if you require something more complete and specific please contact any of our representatives we can have a discussion on specific requirement and get a product for him they ban what about extended seed and even within c-band and or any other band there's a range but not all of the range is covered entirely for all transmission or all reception the normally the the transmission portion is on the higher end of each band and the received portion is on the lower end of each band see band has standard extended super extended received range depending on the region a lot of countries and regions they have different regulations that will have different ranges and that's why we have a large variety of LM DS because depending on what is the frequency specific domain or frequency range on that region is the one that is required on um this question is related to career development what's the courage about one path like for a field engineer in the SATCOM industry do you have any recommendations for courses this person knows about gvf but is there anything else let me take a look and see what else I can provide yeah can two bucks be combined to achieve double power or redundancy yes actually those are two different scenarios Buck's are combining originals and a redundant system - as a backup to reduce the the service interruption between you in case of failure it can be that the the back of this is it's - is transmitting to on dummy load or or it's just on standby but then the output is not combined the output one of them is gonna go to a dummy load that is to come dissipating energy once it's switched then one the the backup goes to the antenna be the failed one or two switch one it's gonna go to the domino there are instances where you can combine box but you will require a special arrangement because if they're not properly synchronized some of the energy is going to be it's gonna be dissipated and if the waves are not completely aligned there's gonna be any efficiency and a lot of problems seeing all this torture this question is about the compatibility of 5g LMB with steel tell me sad system and r5g LNB Universal or berries with antenna manufacturer or berries with kayuu and Katie Ben I'm not particularly familiar with this application I might need to take them a little bit it's been a little bit of time just to take a look on this particular product and to understand what is the specific information or characteristics of this system what is the minimum of Kate advocate back well I'm not entirely sure we can be a couple of watts but if you have any questions we have our catalog on our website you mentioned that satellite ground terminals can be auto pointing or a motorized why would someone pick one over the other the the most common ones are my newly-acquired because they are very light and simple to use however learning how to point to a satellite might require some learning trip and not necessarily all of the it requires some experience in order to get it right and fast of course out of position systems then they have everything automated there are some instances where even getting your personnel trained to the point of a satellite might require some time and we have some customers that they they rotate personal very very quick by the time you train a person then you have to find the next one and that's where it's more convenient out of wire systems with the the training on people is basically minimal why don't merit I'm terminals on chefs have a big all over them the that's a cover and it's called a radom it's basically just to protect the antenna and the electronics and the sensors that it has that cover all the radom is basically made of a material that is not going to affect signals coming in and out it might have a minimum loss but it's basically just to protect it from the weather especially because it's going to be at sea and there's a lot of war and the temperature can get very very tough how do I decide on what power or size I would need on my satellite terminal it's very good to run a link budget exercise to know and that will help to determine your requirements for bandwidth and data transfer that you require which satellite you're going to use with games and all that will help you to determine how much output power you will require to establish a link depending on the geographical position of the source and the receiving earth station okay I think we have time for one more question what is the difference between a buck and an SSP a I think I mentioned that so the buck does two things it makes it up conversion and then there's the amplification that's basically what we call a buck the SSP a is divided that only does the amplification just but the input it has to be independent that it operates okay well we're perfect on time and I just want to thank God for giving us a great presentation and I hope this helped all of unity in your knowledge on comm and the products that we offer a copy of this recording will be sent out to you after this webinar and so if you want to listen to it again or share with your colleagues please feel free to do so also we'll send out a short survey we want to get your feedback on how we can improve our webinar and if there are other topics that you would like us to cover in the future please do let us know if you have any questions please reach out to us and everyone I hope you have a great day thanks everyone