Transcript for: Evolving Business Models in the Hotel Industry
[Narrator] There's something going on in the hotel industry. Just look at this one block in Chicago. These might seem like
three different hotels, but they're actually all Marriott. Over the past 20 years, Marriott has more than tripled in size. And we can trace this boom back
to a decision Marriott made decades ago, to move away
from the real estate business and instead, commodify its name. - Well, of course, as you might imagine, we think we're the best. We are the largest, 8,700
hotels in 139 countries and territories, really showing expertise around the world for what
we think hospitality means. - [Narrator] And you can
see the same happening for competitors like
Hilton, and now Hyatt, because they're also
following a similar playbook. - It's commonplace to actually
invest behind real estate in order to build a
brand, and then over time, sell down real estate. We wanted to do it in
a very deliberate way. - [Narrator] With this business model, the brands don't have to
run most of the hotels that fly their flags, nor do
they have to pay for them. In most cases, that responsibility falls on people like this guy. - So independent owner-operators like us generally own the hotels
and employ the team members. Most people think that they
are Marriott employees. They're generally MCR employees. - [Narrator] So why did this shift happen, and how does it affect the customers? This is the economics of hotel chains. The business today looks like this. These are the names you're familiar with, Marriott, Hilton, Hyatt. And these are the players
who actually front the money to buy the real estate,
hire the employees, and run the day-to-day operations. Owners pay to use these big hotel names, referred to as flags in the industry, and it's a departure from
the tried and true strategy of decades before. - [Tyler] If you go back to
the 50s, everything was owned, operated, and flagged by the same person. - [Narrator] MCR is the third
largest hotel owner-operator behind these two real
estate investment trusts. - We get all the revenue, and then we get whatever
profits are left over. And we pay Marriott or
Hilton a franchise fee to be part of their system. - [Narrator] That means hotel brands mainly have money to gain
with every new hotel. - Because they were not on
the hook for the asset cost, they were able to scale up
their brands much faster. - [Narrator] Moving to
franchising removed a lot of the financial risks
associated with real estate. - One of the things we
realized as those hotels got more and more popular
is that by building them all on balance sheet and with
dealing with economic cycles, we were constrained. Our growth was constrained. - [Narrator] Now, Marriott and
Hilton each own less than 1% of their properties,
while Hyatt owns about 2%. But in shifting to this
strategy, major hotel brands now have to focus on a new customer. - The owner is the one that
puts the brand onto their hotel, and that's what drives
franchise fees to the brands. - [Narrator] Those fees
can amount to anywhere from 5 to 15% of what
the property brings in. So the brands have to prove that having the name is worth it. Hotel brands say. - It more than pays for itself. - [Narrator] Because in
addition to data on how lobby should look and what amenities to have, they also provide data to help
the owner get the most money for each room each night. - At the end of the day, you are saying, "What will the market bear?" When there's a Taylor Swift
concert coming into a market, we see the rates literally
out to 40 miles away go crazy. - [Narrator] In dynamic
cities, the price of a room could change multiple times in one day. - We get questions all
the time and they say, "I was gonna book for $199, and now the rate just went up to $249." You know, then you should
have booked at the 199. The prices are fleeting. - Every one of our full-service hotels has a revenue manager,
and they take account of what's going on in that
particular marketplace. - [Narrator] And these
systems also calculate rates that optimize for the hotel's bottom line. - [Tyler] We don't wanna
sell out our hotels just on a Tuesday because then that leaves
us exposed on Wednesday. So we may sell you that room at an extraordinarily high price
because what we really want is for you to book Monday to Wednesday or Tuesday to Thursday. - [Narrator] This helps make
up for less profitable days. - We're giving the rooms away on Sundays. It is the worst night of the week because business travel does
not really occur on Sundays and neither does leisure travel. - [Narrator] Flying a
flag can also help owners target wider pools of hotel customers, with better fees for booking platforms like Expedia and Booking.com. - So if you buy a hotel room via Expedia for a Marriott hotel, we
pay a lower Expedia fee. We, the owner. - [Narrator] But analysts
say an even bigger draw, "Our hotel loyalty programs." Marriott and Hilton each have
over 180 million members. Hyatt has more than 40 million. And thanks to points,
guests are incentivized to shop within these programs. - The points have
essentially become currency. - [Narrator] Which can help
increase the customer base for flagged hotels in smaller markets. - If you're in a secondary
or tertiary market, you generally fly a flag
because that brings people to your building 'cause
they want the points. The idea is you earn the
points in Corpus Christi or in Yuma, Arizona, and then you redeem them
in Miami and New York. - [Narrator] Today, two-thirds
of all hotels in the US are branded, but the franchise model isn't always beneficial. For owners in high-demand markets, like those with more leisure travel, independence might be a better option. - The highest performing
hotels in Manhattan are independent hotels. You have a greater elasticity of demand. So usually, the highest
performing hotels are smaller. - [Narrator] But brands
do operate some properties mainly in this tier, whereas franchising mostly happens in these. - Those operations have
dramatically fewer touch points and offerings by virtue of
the fact that they're designed for a person who wants
a great room to stay in, a quick option for breakfast, but they don't need other things. They don't need a ballroom. They don't need a specialty restaurant. They don't need a spa. - [Narrator] In the luxury tier, those amenities are expected, creating more complex logistics. That's why most luxury
hotels are still operated by the hotel brand itself. - With respect to most other full service and luxury properties and
resorts, we would prefer to manage because we wanna control
all aspects of the delivery of the guest experience. - Specifically at the luxury end, we do overwhelmingly manage those hotels, and we wouldn't, for example, be talking about franchising
an EDITION Hotel. What having this range of
brands gives us the ability to appeal to our customer
for every experience and location that they want, and that is really important for Bonvoy. - [Narrator] In some rare cases, hotel brands will still
strategically purchase a property. Marriott bought this W Hotel in New York to use it as an incubator
for new ideas and designs, and Hyatt purchased Hotel Irvine. - We bought the hotel. We completely renovated it. We will eventually sell that hotel. - [Narrator] But by and large,
more hotels are outsourcing the owning and operating
of their properties, increasing the volume
of branded properties offered to consumers today. - The customer now has more choices. They have more places
to both earn and redeem. But what you have seen
in the past 25 years is a consolidation. There are really three or four
big hotel flag families now. - [Narrator] And looking at
the properties in construction, the number of branded hotels
is only set to increase.