Overview
This lecture explains glycolysis, focusing on key intermediates and enzymes using mnemonics to quickly memorize the ten steps of the pathway.
Glycolysis Process Overview
- Glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate through ten sequential steps.
- Each step uses a specific enzyme and produces eleven intermediates.
- The pathway is divided into a preparatory phase (uses ATP) and a payoff phase (produces ATP).
Mnemonics for Glycolysis Intermediates
- Remember "Great Grandmother Throws Fresh Fruit Dish and Go By Picking Pumpkins To Prepare Pies" for intermediates.
- Intermediates in order: Glucose, Glucose-6-phosphate, Fructose-6-phosphate, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Pyruvate.
- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) marks the switch between the preparatory and payoff phases.
Mnemonics for Glycolysis Enzymes
- Use "He Put The Phone And Tried Getting Plastic Plate For Eating Pie" for enzymes.
- Enzymes in order: Hexokinase, Phosphoglucose isomerase, Phosphofructokinase, Aldolase, Triose phosphate isomerase, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Phosphoglycerate kinase, Phosphoglycerate mutase, Enolase, Pyruvate kinase.
- Each step has a corresponding enzyme crucial for the reaction progression.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Glycolysis — metabolic pathway converting glucose to pyruvate, generating ATP.
- Intermediates — molecules formed at each step of glycolysis.
- Enzyme — a protein that accelerates chemical reactions in glycolysis.
- Preparatory phase — first part of glycolysis that consumes ATP.
- Payoff phase — second part that generates ATP and NADH.
- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) — intermediate marking the phase transition in glycolysis.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Memorize the provided mnemonics for intermediates and enzymes.
- Review the sequence and roles of glycolytic enzymes and intermediates.
- Practice writing out the glycolysis pathway from memory.